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Georgy Safarov
Georgy Ivanovich Safarov (Russian: Георгий Иванович Сафаров) (1891 – 27 July 1942) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician who was a participant in the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and in the executions of the Romanovs in Yekaterinburg and Alapayevsk.
He was later arrested for his association with the left opposition and served as an NKVD informant in prison. In spite of giving fabricated evidence against over a hundred of his former comrades, he was executed on 27 July 1942. He is one of only a few victims of Joseph Stalin's purges not posthumously rehabilitated or reinstated to the party after his death when the history of the 1930s was re-examined in the 1980s.
Safarov was born in Saint Petersburg in 1891. His father, an architect, was Armenian and his mother was Polish, but he described himself as Russian. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1908, and sided with the Bolshevik faction led by Vladimir Lenin. Arrested in 1910, he was exiled to north Russia, emigrated to Switzerland and worked as party secretary in the Zürich Region.
In 1912, he returned to St Petersburg, with Inessa Armand, to revive the Bolshevik organisation in the capital and assist in getting a Bolshevik factory worker, Alexei Badayev elected to the State Duma (Russian Empire). The election campaign was a success, but during the course of it, in September 1912, Safarov and Armand were arrested. After his release, in 1914, he returned to Switzerland. In April 1915, he and Inessa Armand represented the Bolsheviks at the International Socialist Youth Conference in Berne. He then moved to France, where he worked in the St Nazaire shipyards, until January 1916, when he was expelled from France for conducting anti-war propaganda. He returned to Switzerland.
Following the February Revolution, Georgy Safarov was one of the 31 individuals who accompanied Lenin in a sealed train under German supervision to Petrograd, along with other notable communist figures including Grigory Zinoviev, Karl Radek, Inessa Armand, and Lenin's wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya. He was a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee, which also included members such as Joseph Stalin, Andrei Bubnov, Moisei Uritsky, Felix Dzerzhinsky, and Yakov Sverdlov, and took part in the October Revolution.
Following the Bolshevik seizure of power and the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, Safarov backed the Left Communists who opposed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, wanting to conduct a 'revolutionary war'; against Germany, and backed the Military Opposition, who opposed the recruitment to the Red Army of former officers of the Imperial Army. He was appointed a member of the Presidium of the Ural Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), also popularly referred to as the Ural Soviet, and worked as editor-in-chief of the party's regional newspaper, the Ural Worker, and served on the editorial board of Pravda, the party's official state newspaper.
On 29 June 1918, Safarov, as a member of the Presidium of the Ural Regional Soviet under Alexander Beloborodov, was a party to the unanimous decision to execute the Romanovs imprisoned in Yekaterinburg, who included the deposed Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra, and their five children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei. Safarov was a signatory to the resolution on the shooting, and sent a final telegram to Yakov Sverdlov in Moscow along with Filipp Goloshchekin seeking final approval. Yakov Yurovsky, the chief executioner, later recorded that a signed response from Sverdlov had been passed to him by Goloshchekin around 7:00 pm on 16 July. He later assisted in the procurement of materials for the disposal of the remains, and the confiscation of the Romanov's property by the state.
On 18 July, a day after the killings of the Romanovs in Yekaterinburg, Safarov traveled to nearby Alapayevsk as a representative of the Ural Soviet to direct the killings of a number of Romanov extended relations and their companions, including Alexandra's sister Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, Prince Ioann Konstantinovich, Prince Igor Konstantinovich, Prince Konstantine Konstantinovich, Grand Duke Sergey Mikhaylovich, and Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley, as well as Elisabeth's trusted friend and companion Sister Varvara Yakovleva, and Fyodor Remez, Grand Duke Sergey's personal secretary. He was safely evacuated from the Ural Region along with most of the other members of the Ural Soviet prior to the arrival of the White Army, who captured Yekaterinburg on 25 July.
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Georgy Safarov
Georgy Ivanovich Safarov (Russian: Георгий Иванович Сафаров) (1891 – 27 July 1942) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician who was a participant in the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and in the executions of the Romanovs in Yekaterinburg and Alapayevsk.
He was later arrested for his association with the left opposition and served as an NKVD informant in prison. In spite of giving fabricated evidence against over a hundred of his former comrades, he was executed on 27 July 1942. He is one of only a few victims of Joseph Stalin's purges not posthumously rehabilitated or reinstated to the party after his death when the history of the 1930s was re-examined in the 1980s.
Safarov was born in Saint Petersburg in 1891. His father, an architect, was Armenian and his mother was Polish, but he described himself as Russian. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1908, and sided with the Bolshevik faction led by Vladimir Lenin. Arrested in 1910, he was exiled to north Russia, emigrated to Switzerland and worked as party secretary in the Zürich Region.
In 1912, he returned to St Petersburg, with Inessa Armand, to revive the Bolshevik organisation in the capital and assist in getting a Bolshevik factory worker, Alexei Badayev elected to the State Duma (Russian Empire). The election campaign was a success, but during the course of it, in September 1912, Safarov and Armand were arrested. After his release, in 1914, he returned to Switzerland. In April 1915, he and Inessa Armand represented the Bolsheviks at the International Socialist Youth Conference in Berne. He then moved to France, where he worked in the St Nazaire shipyards, until January 1916, when he was expelled from France for conducting anti-war propaganda. He returned to Switzerland.
Following the February Revolution, Georgy Safarov was one of the 31 individuals who accompanied Lenin in a sealed train under German supervision to Petrograd, along with other notable communist figures including Grigory Zinoviev, Karl Radek, Inessa Armand, and Lenin's wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya. He was a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee, which also included members such as Joseph Stalin, Andrei Bubnov, Moisei Uritsky, Felix Dzerzhinsky, and Yakov Sverdlov, and took part in the October Revolution.
Following the Bolshevik seizure of power and the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, Safarov backed the Left Communists who opposed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, wanting to conduct a 'revolutionary war'; against Germany, and backed the Military Opposition, who opposed the recruitment to the Red Army of former officers of the Imperial Army. He was appointed a member of the Presidium of the Ural Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), also popularly referred to as the Ural Soviet, and worked as editor-in-chief of the party's regional newspaper, the Ural Worker, and served on the editorial board of Pravda, the party's official state newspaper.
On 29 June 1918, Safarov, as a member of the Presidium of the Ural Regional Soviet under Alexander Beloborodov, was a party to the unanimous decision to execute the Romanovs imprisoned in Yekaterinburg, who included the deposed Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Empress Alexandra, and their five children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei. Safarov was a signatory to the resolution on the shooting, and sent a final telegram to Yakov Sverdlov in Moscow along with Filipp Goloshchekin seeking final approval. Yakov Yurovsky, the chief executioner, later recorded that a signed response from Sverdlov had been passed to him by Goloshchekin around 7:00 pm on 16 July. He later assisted in the procurement of materials for the disposal of the remains, and the confiscation of the Romanov's property by the state.
On 18 July, a day after the killings of the Romanovs in Yekaterinburg, Safarov traveled to nearby Alapayevsk as a representative of the Ural Soviet to direct the killings of a number of Romanov extended relations and their companions, including Alexandra's sister Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, Prince Ioann Konstantinovich, Prince Igor Konstantinovich, Prince Konstantine Konstantinovich, Grand Duke Sergey Mikhaylovich, and Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley, as well as Elisabeth's trusted friend and companion Sister Varvara Yakovleva, and Fyodor Remez, Grand Duke Sergey's personal secretary. He was safely evacuated from the Ural Region along with most of the other members of the Ural Soviet prior to the arrival of the White Army, who captured Yekaterinburg on 25 July.