Gilaks
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Gilaks

Gilaks (Gilaki: گيلٚکٚاٚٓن) are an Iranian peoples native to south of Caspian sea. They form one of the main ethnic groups residing in the northern parts of Iran. Gilak people, along with the closely related Mazandarani people, comprise part of the Caspian people, who inhabit the southern and southwestern coastal regions of the Caspian Sea.

They all speak the Gilaki language as their first language, an Iranian language that is closely related to Mazandarani.

The mountainous regions of northern Iran on the southwest coast of the Caspian Sea, now comprising the southeastern half of Gilan Province, was also referred to as Daylam. The inhabitants of the region were called the Daylamites.

Gilan was the place of origin of the Ziyarid dynasty and Buyid dynasty in the mid-10th century.

The rule of the Daylamites were put to an end by the Turkish invasions of the 10th and 11th centuries CE, which saw the rise of Ghaznavid and Seljuk dynasties. From the 11th century CE to the rise of Safavids, Gilan was ruled by local rulers who paid tribute to the dominant power south of the Alborz range but ruled independently, such as the Eshaqvand Dynasty and the Ispahbads of Gilan.

Scholars suggest a link between the Gilaks and the Zazas. Zaza calls themselves Dimlī or Dīmla, derived from the word Daylam. Dimli is the name of the Zaza language.

Gilaki people live alongside the Alborz mountains and in the surrounding plains. Consequentially, those living along the northern side of the Alborz mountains tend to raise livestock, while those living in the plains farm. Gilaks play an important role in the provincial and national economy, supplying a large portion of the region's agricultural staples, such as rice, grains, tobacco, and tea. Other major industries include fishing and caviar exports, and the production of silk. In addition to agricultural activities, Gilaks also control other principal sectors of commerce of the province of Gilan such as tourism, and share administrative and government positions with civil servants from other regions of Iran.

The population of Gilaks is estimated to be between 3 and 4 million in 2006.

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