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Greenlandic independence
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Greenlandic independence
Greenlandic independence (Greenlandic: Namminersulivinneq) is a political ambition of most political parties (such as Siumut, Inuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq, and Nunatta Qitornai), advocacy groups, and individuals of Greenland, an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, to become an independent sovereign state.
Greenland's present population are predominantly Inuit descended from the Thule people who migrated from the North American mainland in the 13th century AD, gradually colonizing the island. The Danish claim to the island stems from Norse settlement of southern Greenland which lasted from the 980s until the early 15th century.
Scholars believe that the earliest known Norse settlements in Greenland originated from Iceland, and that Erik the Red founded an early colony in 985. The Kingdom of Norway later claimed and controlled Greenland singularly[clarification needed] from roughly 1261–1319.
These Norse settlements vanished during the 14th and early 15th centuries, leaving the Inuit as the sole occupants of the island, expanding to the southern and western coasts, and being de facto independent for over 200 years until European peoples returned. Despite this, a de jure continuing European possession of Greenland was assumed by European peoples.
European contact with Greenland was not re-established until 1721 with the mission of Hans Egede, which was followed by the Moravian missions. These established enduring settlements and—after failing to find the Norse peoples—attempted to Christianize the Inuit.
By this time Norway and Denmark had been unified under Denmark–Norway which considered Greenland part of its territory. This ended on 14 January 1814 after Norway was ceded from Denmark as a result of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. As a result of the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark resumed full sovereignty over Greenland soon after. From 1814 to 1953, Greenland was a territory, not independent and not part of Denmark, but directly controlled by the Danish government.
During the Second World War, Denmark was occupied and controlled by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1945. As a result, the US government signed an agreement with Henrik Kauffmann, the Danish ambassador to the US, to hand over defense and control of Greenland to the United States on 9 April 1941. The Danish government was shocked by Kauffmann's move, considered the agreement to be void and recalled Kauffmann from the US. The first American troops arrived in Greenland on 7 July 1941. The US built two airports with full-length runways. Until November 2024, with the renovation of the Nuuk airport, they were the main international airports of Greenland, despite being located far from any traditional settlement.
Greenland was effectively independent during the war years, and allowed the United States to build bases on its territory, in spite of the Danish pre-war neutrality. After the war the pre-war situation was restored, the US bases remained and Denmark, with Greenland as a part of the Kingdom, joined NATO.
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Greenlandic independence
Greenlandic independence (Greenlandic: Namminersulivinneq) is a political ambition of most political parties (such as Siumut, Inuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq, and Nunatta Qitornai), advocacy groups, and individuals of Greenland, an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, to become an independent sovereign state.
Greenland's present population are predominantly Inuit descended from the Thule people who migrated from the North American mainland in the 13th century AD, gradually colonizing the island. The Danish claim to the island stems from Norse settlement of southern Greenland which lasted from the 980s until the early 15th century.
Scholars believe that the earliest known Norse settlements in Greenland originated from Iceland, and that Erik the Red founded an early colony in 985. The Kingdom of Norway later claimed and controlled Greenland singularly[clarification needed] from roughly 1261–1319.
These Norse settlements vanished during the 14th and early 15th centuries, leaving the Inuit as the sole occupants of the island, expanding to the southern and western coasts, and being de facto independent for over 200 years until European peoples returned. Despite this, a de jure continuing European possession of Greenland was assumed by European peoples.
European contact with Greenland was not re-established until 1721 with the mission of Hans Egede, which was followed by the Moravian missions. These established enduring settlements and—after failing to find the Norse peoples—attempted to Christianize the Inuit.
By this time Norway and Denmark had been unified under Denmark–Norway which considered Greenland part of its territory. This ended on 14 January 1814 after Norway was ceded from Denmark as a result of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. As a result of the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark resumed full sovereignty over Greenland soon after. From 1814 to 1953, Greenland was a territory, not independent and not part of Denmark, but directly controlled by the Danish government.
During the Second World War, Denmark was occupied and controlled by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1945. As a result, the US government signed an agreement with Henrik Kauffmann, the Danish ambassador to the US, to hand over defense and control of Greenland to the United States on 9 April 1941. The Danish government was shocked by Kauffmann's move, considered the agreement to be void and recalled Kauffmann from the US. The first American troops arrived in Greenland on 7 July 1941. The US built two airports with full-length runways. Until November 2024, with the renovation of the Nuuk airport, they were the main international airports of Greenland, despite being located far from any traditional settlement.
Greenland was effectively independent during the war years, and allowed the United States to build bases on its territory, in spite of the Danish pre-war neutrality. After the war the pre-war situation was restored, the US bases remained and Denmark, with Greenland as a part of the Kingdom, joined NATO.