Grigna
Grigna
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Grigna

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Grigna

The Grigna is a mountain massif in the province of Lecco, Lombardy, northern Italy, with an elevation of 2,410 metres (7,907 ft). It is part of the Orobie Pre-Alps, and it has two peaks, Grignone or Grigna settentrionale(2,410m), the higher Northern, and the lower, Southern Grignetta or Grigna meridionale (2,184 m).

The Grigna Massif is located in the central Italian Alps on the eastern side of Lake Como in the province of Lecco, Lombardy. The two most important peaks are the Northern Grigna (2,399 m) and the Southern Grigna (2,181 m).

To the southwest, the Grigna massif descends precipitously toward an arm of Lake Como known as 'Ramo di Lecco' (The Branch of Lecco). To the east, the mountain rises gently through fields and forested land into Valsassina. The northern side of the mountain, which is known for its many caves and crevices, leads to Passo del Cainallo and the town of Esino Lario.

There is a natural park on the Northern side called Parco Regionale della Grigna Settentrionale. It encompasses the communities of Cortenova, Esino Lario, Parlasco, Pasturo, Perledo, Primaluna, Taceno and Varenna.

The Grigna Massif landscape is characterised by karst landforms like dolines, shafts and karren (micro-karsts). The karst system has been cut and eroded by quaternary glaciation. The area is renowned for its caves and in some caves ice is still present. Leonardo Da Vinci was among the first to note this. The “Abisso W le Donne” is among the deepest and most famous caves.(1,160 m deep).

Among the floristic rarities of the park are the Rhaetian Centaurea (Centaurea rhaetica), the Aquilegia of Einsele (Aquilegia einseleana), Campanula of Bertola (Campanula bertolae), the yellow colombine (Corydalis lutea), the Radicchiella of Froelich (Crepis froelichiana), the Citiso insubrico (Cytisus emeriflorus), the Euphorbia insubrica (Euphorbia variabilis), the Festuca ticinese (Festuca ticinesi), the Ambretta sudalpina (Knautia transalpina), the Laserpizio insubrico (Laserpitidumniti), the Insubric dandelion (Leontodon incanus), tufted horned rampion (Physoplexis comosa), Saxifraga retica (Saxifraga hostii), Tlaspi with round leaves (Thlaspi rotundifolium), Carice subalpina (Carex austroalpina) and Carice del Monte Baldo (Carex baldensis).

Among these "rare" species there are endemic species, not found elsewhere, even in locations comparable in terms of environment. They are remnants of the quaternary glaciation in the Lombard Pre-Alps from Lake Como to Garda, so-called "insubric endemics". Among them the Lombardic garlic (Allium insubricum), the Campanula di Rainer (Campanula Raineri), the Campanella dell'Insubria (Campanula elatinoides), the Silene d'Elisabetta (Silene elisabethae), the Erba regina (Telekia speciosissima), the yellow Primula (Primula glaucescens), symbol of the Park, the Sassifraga di Vandelli (Saxifraga vandellii) and the Viola di Duby (Viola dubyana),Minuartia delle Grigne (Minuartia grignensis) flowering between July and August above 1400m and the Primula delle Grigne (Primula grignensis) which flowers between May and July.

The mountain's relative isolation affords it panoramic views of Alps toward the north and on clear days, the Milan Cathedral can be seen to the southwest.[citation needed]

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