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Gustav Lombard
Gustav Lombard (10 April 1895 – 18 September 1992) was a high-ranking member in the SS during World War II. During the war, Lombard commanded 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer and the 31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany for so-called "anti-partisan" operations around Kovel which involved killing of civilians and burning down villages.
Lombard perpetrated mass murder in the Holocaust, serving as commanding officer of the 1st Regiment of the SS Cavalry Brigade during the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Lombard was convicted of war crimes by a Soviet military tribunal in 1947 and was released in 1955. He was subsequently tried by a West German court in the 1960s and found not guilty.
Gustav Lombard was born in Klein Spiegelberg, near Prenzlau, Province of Brandenburg, Germany. After his father's death in 1906 he visited his relatives in the United States in 1913, where he graduated from high school and started studying Modern Languages at the University of Missouri. After the end of World War I he returned to Germany in Autumn 1919 and worked for American Express and the Chrysler Motor Company in Berlin.
Lombard joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and SS after the Machtergreifung, the Nazi takeover of power, in 1933; once in the Party, Lombard joined the SS Cavalry. As an instructor of equitation at the SS riding club, Lombard became acquainted with Jochen Peiper, a future adjutant to Heinrich Himmler; throughout the War, Peiper and Lombard remained comrades in arms.
After months of Wehrmacht soldiering in the German invasion of Poland, Lombard was promoted to Commander of the 3rd Squadron of the SS Totenkopf-Reiter-Standarte in December 1939. In Poland, on 7 April 1940, Lombard's unit was ordered to occupy the district of Krolowiec, near the city of Warsaw. That in case of resistance, commander Lombard gave orders that his soldiers hunt and kill any non-German boy and man between the ages of 17 and 60 years. In the after-action report, Hermann Fegelein, commander, 1st SS Totenkopf-Reiter-Standarte, documented and reported a body count of 250 Polish men and boys executed throughout the district of Krolowiec.
In the end of July 1941 Lombard was commander of a mounted detachment of the 1st SS Cavalry Regiment deployed east of Brest-Litovsk, where he allegedly first used the term ”Entjudung” (De–jewification).
On 19 July 1941, by order of Himmler, the 1st and 2nd SS Cavalry Regiments were assigned to the general command of Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski. Combined into the SS Cavalry Brigade under the command of Hermann Fegelein, they were to take part in the action in the area of the Pripet marshes, a large area of land that covered parts of Belorussia and Northern Ukraine. This action became known as the Pripyat Marshes massacres (German: "Pripiatsee"); it was conducted by the combined SS and Wehrmacht forces in July and August 1941 as the "systematic combing" of the area for Jews, 'partisans' and Red Army stragglers. The beginning date of the operation is considered to be 28 July 1941.
General instructions were given to 'cleanse' the area of partisans and Jewish collaborators. Jewish women and children were to be driven away. Fegelein interpreted these orders as follows: Enemy soldiers in uniform were to be taken prisoner, and those found out of uniform were to be shot. Jewish males, with the exception of a few skilled workers such as doctors and leather workers, would be shot. Fegelein split the territory to be covered into two sections divided by the Pripyat River, with Lombard's 1st Regiment taking the northern half and the 2nd Regiment the south, under the command of Franz Magill.
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Gustav Lombard
Gustav Lombard (10 April 1895 – 18 September 1992) was a high-ranking member in the SS during World War II. During the war, Lombard commanded 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer and the 31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany for so-called "anti-partisan" operations around Kovel which involved killing of civilians and burning down villages.
Lombard perpetrated mass murder in the Holocaust, serving as commanding officer of the 1st Regiment of the SS Cavalry Brigade during the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Lombard was convicted of war crimes by a Soviet military tribunal in 1947 and was released in 1955. He was subsequently tried by a West German court in the 1960s and found not guilty.
Gustav Lombard was born in Klein Spiegelberg, near Prenzlau, Province of Brandenburg, Germany. After his father's death in 1906 he visited his relatives in the United States in 1913, where he graduated from high school and started studying Modern Languages at the University of Missouri. After the end of World War I he returned to Germany in Autumn 1919 and worked for American Express and the Chrysler Motor Company in Berlin.
Lombard joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and SS after the Machtergreifung, the Nazi takeover of power, in 1933; once in the Party, Lombard joined the SS Cavalry. As an instructor of equitation at the SS riding club, Lombard became acquainted with Jochen Peiper, a future adjutant to Heinrich Himmler; throughout the War, Peiper and Lombard remained comrades in arms.
After months of Wehrmacht soldiering in the German invasion of Poland, Lombard was promoted to Commander of the 3rd Squadron of the SS Totenkopf-Reiter-Standarte in December 1939. In Poland, on 7 April 1940, Lombard's unit was ordered to occupy the district of Krolowiec, near the city of Warsaw. That in case of resistance, commander Lombard gave orders that his soldiers hunt and kill any non-German boy and man between the ages of 17 and 60 years. In the after-action report, Hermann Fegelein, commander, 1st SS Totenkopf-Reiter-Standarte, documented and reported a body count of 250 Polish men and boys executed throughout the district of Krolowiec.
In the end of July 1941 Lombard was commander of a mounted detachment of the 1st SS Cavalry Regiment deployed east of Brest-Litovsk, where he allegedly first used the term ”Entjudung” (De–jewification).
On 19 July 1941, by order of Himmler, the 1st and 2nd SS Cavalry Regiments were assigned to the general command of Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski. Combined into the SS Cavalry Brigade under the command of Hermann Fegelein, they were to take part in the action in the area of the Pripet marshes, a large area of land that covered parts of Belorussia and Northern Ukraine. This action became known as the Pripyat Marshes massacres (German: "Pripiatsee"); it was conducted by the combined SS and Wehrmacht forces in July and August 1941 as the "systematic combing" of the area for Jews, 'partisans' and Red Army stragglers. The beginning date of the operation is considered to be 28 July 1941.
General instructions were given to 'cleanse' the area of partisans and Jewish collaborators. Jewish women and children were to be driven away. Fegelein interpreted these orders as follows: Enemy soldiers in uniform were to be taken prisoner, and those found out of uniform were to be shot. Jewish males, with the exception of a few skilled workers such as doctors and leather workers, would be shot. Fegelein split the territory to be covered into two sections divided by the Pripyat River, with Lombard's 1st Regiment taking the northern half and the 2nd Regiment the south, under the command of Franz Magill.