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Hazaras
The Hazaras (Persian: هزاره, romanized: Hazāra; Hazaragi: آزره, romanized: Āzrə) are an ethnic group and a principal component of Afghanistan's population. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan. Hazaras also form significant minority communities in Pakistan, mainly in Quetta, and in Iran, primarily in Mashhad. They speak Dari and Hazaragi, dialects of Persian. Dari, also known as Dari Persian, is an official language of Afghanistan, alongside Pashto.
Between 1888 and 1893, more than half of the Hazara population was massacred under the Emirate of Afghanistan, and they have faced persecution at various times over the past decades. Widespread ethnic discrimination, religious persecution, organized attacks by terrorist groups, harassment, and arbitrary arrest for various reasons have affected Hazaras. There have been numerous cases of torture of Hazara women, land and home seizures, deliberate economic restrictions, economic marginalization of the Hazara region and appropriation of Hazara agricultural fields and pastures leading to their forced displacement from Afghanistan.
The etymology of the word "Hazara" is disputed, with differing opinions on its origin.
Nasir Khusraw Balkhi, the 11th-century Persian-language poet and scholar, refers to the word "Hazara" (Hazāra هزاره) in his poetry:
هزاران قول خوب و نغز و باریک
از او یابند چون تار هزاره
Hazaran qaul-e khob-o naghz-o barik
Azo yaband chon tar-e Hazara
Translation:
It is from wisdom that spring thousands of fine and thoughtful words
As does music from the strings of a Hazara tar
One of the earliest mentions of the Hazaras appears in the Baburnama, written by Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, in the early 16th century. The text specifically refers to prominent Hazara tribes, including the Sultan Masudi and Turkoman Hazaras.
In their native language, the Hazaras refer to themselves as "Azra" (āzrə آزره) or (əzrə ازره).
Despite being one of the principal population groups in Afghanistan, the origins of the Hazara people have not been fully reconstructed. Genetic and linguistic analyses describe Hazaras as an ethnically mixed group, with varying degrees of ancestry linked to contemporary Turkic, Mongolic, and Iranic populations. The physical characteristics of some Hazaras and Char Aimaks are Mongolian, likely a legacy of the Mongol invasion. Additionally, the Hazaras share common racial traits, physical features, and a strong resemblance to the Turkic populations of Central Asia. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, mentioned the Hazaras in the Baburnama, referring to some as "Turkoman Hazaras."
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Hazaras
The Hazaras (Persian: هزاره, romanized: Hazāra; Hazaragi: آزره, romanized: Āzrə) are an ethnic group and a principal component of Afghanistan's population. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan. Hazaras also form significant minority communities in Pakistan, mainly in Quetta, and in Iran, primarily in Mashhad. They speak Dari and Hazaragi, dialects of Persian. Dari, also known as Dari Persian, is an official language of Afghanistan, alongside Pashto.
Between 1888 and 1893, more than half of the Hazara population was massacred under the Emirate of Afghanistan, and they have faced persecution at various times over the past decades. Widespread ethnic discrimination, religious persecution, organized attacks by terrorist groups, harassment, and arbitrary arrest for various reasons have affected Hazaras. There have been numerous cases of torture of Hazara women, land and home seizures, deliberate economic restrictions, economic marginalization of the Hazara region and appropriation of Hazara agricultural fields and pastures leading to their forced displacement from Afghanistan.
The etymology of the word "Hazara" is disputed, with differing opinions on its origin.
Nasir Khusraw Balkhi, the 11th-century Persian-language poet and scholar, refers to the word "Hazara" (Hazāra هزاره) in his poetry:
هزاران قول خوب و نغز و باریک
از او یابند چون تار هزاره
Hazaran qaul-e khob-o naghz-o barik
Azo yaband chon tar-e Hazara
Translation:
It is from wisdom that spring thousands of fine and thoughtful words
As does music from the strings of a Hazara tar
One of the earliest mentions of the Hazaras appears in the Baburnama, written by Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, in the early 16th century. The text specifically refers to prominent Hazara tribes, including the Sultan Masudi and Turkoman Hazaras.
In their native language, the Hazaras refer to themselves as "Azra" (āzrə آزره) or (əzrə ازره).
Despite being one of the principal population groups in Afghanistan, the origins of the Hazara people have not been fully reconstructed. Genetic and linguistic analyses describe Hazaras as an ethnically mixed group, with varying degrees of ancestry linked to contemporary Turkic, Mongolic, and Iranic populations. The physical characteristics of some Hazaras and Char Aimaks are Mongolian, likely a legacy of the Mongol invasion. Additionally, the Hazaras share common racial traits, physical features, and a strong resemblance to the Turkic populations of Central Asia. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, mentioned the Hazaras in the Baburnama, referring to some as "Turkoman Hazaras."
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