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Hazaribagh
Hazaribagh is a city and a municipal corporation in Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Hazaribagh district and divisional headquarters of North Chotanagpur division. The city is known as a health resort and for the Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary.
The name of the town 'Hazaribagh' (हज़ारीबाग़) is derived from two Persian words: Hazar (هزار) meaning 'one thousand' and bagh (باغ) meaning 'garden', hence the meaning of Hazaribagh is 'city of a thousand gardens'. According to Sir John Houlton, however, the town takes its name from the small villages of Okni and Hazari – shown on old maps as Ocunhazry.[citation needed]
The last syllable in its name may have originated from a mango grove which formed a camping ground for troops and travelers marching along a military road from Kolkata to Varanasi, constructed in 1783 and the following years.[citation needed] The Grand Trunk Road subsequently replaced this military road in the mid-19th century,[verification needed] but the layout differed at places, particularly around Hazaribagh. A dilapidated watch tower meant to guard the military road is still visible on Tower Hill, near Silwar.
In ancient times, the district was covered with forests inhabited by tribes who remained independent. Throughout the Turko-Afghan period, the area remained virtually free from external influence. It was only with the accession of Akbar to the throne of Delhi in 1557 that Muslim influence penetrated Jharkhand, then known to the Mughals as Kokrah. In 1585, Akbar sent a force under the command of Shahbaj Khan to reduce the Raja of Chotanagpur to the position of a tributary.[citation needed]
After the death of Akbar in 1605, the area regained its independence. This necessitated an expedition in 1616 by Ibrahim Khan Fateh Jang, the governor of Bihar and brother of Queen Noorjehan. Ibrahim Khan defeated and captured Durjan Sal, the 46th Raja of Chotanagpur. He was imprisoned for 12 years but was later released and reinstated on the throne after he had shown his ability in distinguishing a real diamond from a fake one.
In 1632, Chotanagpur was given as a jagir (land grant) to the Governor at Patna for an annual payment of Rs.136,000. This was raised to Rs.161,000 in 1636. During the reign of Muhammad Shah (1719–1748), Sarballand Khan, the governor of then Bihar, marched against the Raja of Chotanagpur and obtained his submission. Another expedition was led by Fakhruddoula, the governor of Bihar in 1731. He came to terms with the Raja of Chotanagpur. In 1735 Alivardi Khan had difficulty in enforcing the payment of the annual tribute of Rs.12,000 from the Raja of Ramgarh, as agreed to by the latter according to the terms settled with Fakhruddoula.
This situation continued until the occupation of the country by the British. During the Muslim period, the main estates in the district were Ramgarh, Kunda, Chai, and Kharagdiha. Following the Kol uprising in 1831 – which however did not seriously affect Hazaribagh – the administrative structure of the territory was changed. The parganas of Ramgarh, Kharagdiha, Kendi, and Kunda became parts of the South-West Frontier Agency and were formed into a division named Hazaribagh as the administrative headquarters. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur Division, composed of five districts: Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, Manbhum, and Singhbhum. The division was administered as a non-regulation province under a commissioner reporting to the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. In 1855–56 the Santhals rose up against the British, but were brutally suppressed.
During this era of British rule, Hazaribagh was accessed first by train to Giridih and then by 'push-push', a vehicle that was pushed and pulled by human force over hilly tracts, across rivers, and through dense forests containing bandits and wild animals. Rabindranath Tagore travelled in a push-push along the route in 1885. He recorded the experience in an essay, "Chotanagpur families". When the Grand Chord railway line was opened in 1906, Hazaribagh Road railway station became the link to the town. For many years, Lal Motor Company operated the rail-cum-bus service between Hazaribagh town and Hazaribagh Road railway station.
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Hazaribagh
Hazaribagh is a city and a municipal corporation in Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Hazaribagh district and divisional headquarters of North Chotanagpur division. The city is known as a health resort and for the Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary.
The name of the town 'Hazaribagh' (हज़ारीबाग़) is derived from two Persian words: Hazar (هزار) meaning 'one thousand' and bagh (باغ) meaning 'garden', hence the meaning of Hazaribagh is 'city of a thousand gardens'. According to Sir John Houlton, however, the town takes its name from the small villages of Okni and Hazari – shown on old maps as Ocunhazry.[citation needed]
The last syllable in its name may have originated from a mango grove which formed a camping ground for troops and travelers marching along a military road from Kolkata to Varanasi, constructed in 1783 and the following years.[citation needed] The Grand Trunk Road subsequently replaced this military road in the mid-19th century,[verification needed] but the layout differed at places, particularly around Hazaribagh. A dilapidated watch tower meant to guard the military road is still visible on Tower Hill, near Silwar.
In ancient times, the district was covered with forests inhabited by tribes who remained independent. Throughout the Turko-Afghan period, the area remained virtually free from external influence. It was only with the accession of Akbar to the throne of Delhi in 1557 that Muslim influence penetrated Jharkhand, then known to the Mughals as Kokrah. In 1585, Akbar sent a force under the command of Shahbaj Khan to reduce the Raja of Chotanagpur to the position of a tributary.[citation needed]
After the death of Akbar in 1605, the area regained its independence. This necessitated an expedition in 1616 by Ibrahim Khan Fateh Jang, the governor of Bihar and brother of Queen Noorjehan. Ibrahim Khan defeated and captured Durjan Sal, the 46th Raja of Chotanagpur. He was imprisoned for 12 years but was later released and reinstated on the throne after he had shown his ability in distinguishing a real diamond from a fake one.
In 1632, Chotanagpur was given as a jagir (land grant) to the Governor at Patna for an annual payment of Rs.136,000. This was raised to Rs.161,000 in 1636. During the reign of Muhammad Shah (1719–1748), Sarballand Khan, the governor of then Bihar, marched against the Raja of Chotanagpur and obtained his submission. Another expedition was led by Fakhruddoula, the governor of Bihar in 1731. He came to terms with the Raja of Chotanagpur. In 1735 Alivardi Khan had difficulty in enforcing the payment of the annual tribute of Rs.12,000 from the Raja of Ramgarh, as agreed to by the latter according to the terms settled with Fakhruddoula.
This situation continued until the occupation of the country by the British. During the Muslim period, the main estates in the district were Ramgarh, Kunda, Chai, and Kharagdiha. Following the Kol uprising in 1831 – which however did not seriously affect Hazaribagh – the administrative structure of the territory was changed. The parganas of Ramgarh, Kharagdiha, Kendi, and Kunda became parts of the South-West Frontier Agency and were formed into a division named Hazaribagh as the administrative headquarters. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur Division, composed of five districts: Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, Manbhum, and Singhbhum. The division was administered as a non-regulation province under a commissioner reporting to the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. In 1855–56 the Santhals rose up against the British, but were brutally suppressed.
During this era of British rule, Hazaribagh was accessed first by train to Giridih and then by 'push-push', a vehicle that was pushed and pulled by human force over hilly tracts, across rivers, and through dense forests containing bandits and wild animals. Rabindranath Tagore travelled in a push-push along the route in 1885. He recorded the experience in an essay, "Chotanagpur families". When the Grand Chord railway line was opened in 1906, Hazaribagh Road railway station became the link to the town. For many years, Lal Motor Company operated the rail-cum-bus service between Hazaribagh town and Hazaribagh Road railway station.