He Who Gets Slapped (Russian: Тот, кто получает пощёчины, romanized: Tot, kto poluchayet poshchochiny) is a play in four acts by Russian dramatist Leonid Andreyev; completed in August 1915 and first produced in that same year at the Moscow Art Theatre on October 27, 1915. Immensely popular with Russian audiences, the work received numerous stagings throughout the Russian-speaking world in the two decades after its premiere, and then later enjoyed a resurgence of popularity in the 1970s and 1980s in Russian theaters. The work is still part of the dramatic repertory in Russian-speaking countries. While well-liked by the public, critical reaction to the work was initially negative in Russia. It was later reevaluated as a masterwork of Russian drama, and is regarded as Andreyev's finest achievement among his 25 plays.

The play is representative of Andreyev's "panpsyche theatre" in which the plot focuses on developing the internal, psychological and intellectual aspects of characters over external action. Set inside a circus within a French city, the play's main character is a mysterious 39-year-old stranger (referred to as "He"; Russian тот, tot, "that one") whose name is never revealed to the audience. "He" is fleeing a failed marriage and joins the circus as a clown. "He" falls in love with the horse rider Consuelo, the daughter of Count Mancini. The Count pushes Consuelo into marrying Baron Regnard for financial gain. "He" poisons Consuelo, Baron Regnard commits suicide in despair, and then "He" drinks the poison himself at the end.

On the international stage, the play became Andreyev's most successful in the United States, being popular with both audiences and critics when it was staged on Broadway at the Garrick Theatre in 1922 in a production mounted by the Theatre Guild. That production used an English language translation of the original Russian by the psychoanalyst Gregory Zilboorg which was first published in 1921. The play has been staged in multiple languages internationally, but is most often performed in English outside of Russia. A 1944 English translation made for The Old Vic by Judith Guthrie reduced the structure of the play to two acts instead of four. This version was used for the 1946 Broadway revival, the 1947 West End production, and several other stagings in the United States and United Kingdom during the 20th century.

The success of the stage play in the US led to the development of Victor Sjöström's critically successful 1924 silent film of the same name which was notably the first film ever made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Besides this film, the play has been adapted many times, including an earlier Russian film in 1916, a Swedish film in 1926, a novel in 1925, an opera in 1956, a 1961 television film, and a musical in 1971.

The action takes place within a circus in a large city in France. In the opening scene a mysterious man, "He", approaches the circus performers and requests to join the troupe as a clown. Uncertain, the circus members recognize that the man is well educated and cultured by his speech and manner, but believe he may be an alcoholic. To win their approval, "He" suggests that his part in the circus act could be receiving slaps from the other clowns, and that his circus name could be "He Who Gets Slapped". Andreyev's script keeps the audience guessing over the identity of "He", and information is divulged piecemeal over the course of the play's four acts. This construct keeps the psychological aspects of the play at the center, as the audience is constantly trying to figure out what is motivating the central character.

Papa Briquet, the owner of the circus, asks to see "He"'s identification in order to register his employment with the government. "He" discloses his name into Papa Briquet's ear, without revealing it to the audience. The reaction of the circus owner reveals that "He" is famous and respected, but the audience gains no further knowledge of the character other than he is 39 years old.

"He" is an established clown in Briquet's circus and his act has been a huge success, bringing financial prosperity to the circus troupe. However, the other performers warn "He" against talking too much about controversial political and religious topics during his act. "He" falls in love with the horseback rider Consuelo, but her father, Count Mancini, is intent on marrying his daughter to Baron Regnard for his money. At the end of this act a second mysterious man, known only as the "Gentleman", arrives. It is revealed that the "Gentleman", a former close friend of "He", is the cause of "He"'s marital problems, as the "Gentleman" had an affair with "He"'s wife and they now have a son. The Gentleman in hopes of repairing their relationship has been searching all over Europe for "He" for months, as his friend disappeared mysteriously after leaving an angry letter.

It is revealed that the "Gentleman" is now married to "He"'s former wife, and that he wrote a highly successful book about his affair with her that has made the "Gentleman" rich and famous. The Gentleman appears regularly in the press with his wife and son. "He" vows never to return to his former life, and the Gentleman leaves. "He" focuses his attention on Consuelo, and makes an unsuccessful attempt to sabotage her engagement to Baron Regnard.