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Helene Berg
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Helene "Lene" Berg born Helene Veser (10 April 1906 – 21 February 2006) was a German communist politician and a resistance activist against National Socialism.[1] Between 1958 and 1989 she was a member of the Central Committee of the ruling SED (party) in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), where she was also director of the Berlin-based Academy for Social Sciences.[1]

Key Information

Life

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Early years

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Helene Veser was born in Mannheim, in the Grand Duchy of Baden on 10 April 1906. Her father, formerly a miller, owned a timber business while her mother was in domestic service. Helene successfully completed her schooling in 1923 and entered a dressmaking apprenticeship, remaining in this type of work in Mannheim till 1928.[1]

Activism

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In 1921 she became a member of the SAJ (Sozialistische Arbeiter-Jugend), which was in effect the youth wing of the country's SPD (Germany's party of the moderate left). In 1922 she joined the German clothing workers' Trades Union, and in 1924 she joined the Young Communists (KJVD).[citation needed] She became a regional leader for the KJVD in what was at that time the Baden-Baden district. During this period Veser took part in anti-militaristic actions with regard to the French army of occupation in the Palatinate (Rhineland) region across the river from Mannheim, and undertook so-called spoiling missions ("Zersetzungsarbeit") involving the police there. In 1926 she attended the ADGB Trades Union confederation College in the Tinz quarter of Gera. Then in October 1927, a few months after her twenty-first birthday, Helene Veser joined the Communist Party (KPD).[1][2]

Till 1928 Veser held her KJVD Baden regional leadership position. Then she relocated to Moscow where she attended the International Lenin School till 1931,[2] taking Soviet citizenship and, in 1929, becoming a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.[1] She returned to Germany in 1931, now taking on more senior positions within the KPD. In 1931/32 Veser was an instructor with the party's Agitation and Propaganda department in Berlin.[1] Then, in 1932, she took on the position of Agitation and Propaganda secretary for the KPD in the Hanover district, in the north of the country. This lasted till 1933 and the Nazi seizure of power which was quickly followed by a ban on non-Nazi political parties.[1]

Veser continued with her (now illegal)[2] work for the party till 1935. In 1933 she became the Agitation and Propaganda secretary in the party's Halle leadership team and later in the same year took over from Max Opitz the party leadership for the Württemberg region.[2] 1934/35 found her operating under the cover name "Lotte" as a party instructor in the Saarland.[1] In 1935 she escaped to France from where she emigrated to the Soviet Union where she was given the "party name", "Helene Berg",[1] a name to which she switched and which she officially retained after the war ended.

Moscow

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Between 1935 and 1937, using the cover name "Lene Neckar", Helene Berg was the deputy head of the German sector at the ILS, at the same time teaching in Moscow the history of (1) the Russian Communist Party and of (2) the German Workers' Movement.[1] In 1938 she took a job with "Ino-Radio" in Moscow, and later worked as a consultant with the Moscow-based "Soyuz Jetfilm" children's film studio.[1]

Till 1941 she worked with Rudolf Lindau creating collections on KPD history. When war broke out, using the cover name "Lene Ring" she had taken over the leadership of the German group at the International Lenin School, the Comintern School that temporarily moved to Ufa during the invasion. In September 1941 she was put in charge of the German section of the German section of the Antifa School[3] for prisoners of war at Taliza,[2] while still continuing to teach at the party academy in Moscow.

Back to (East) Germany

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In April 1946 Berg returned to Germany, settling in the Soviet occupation zone which by now was in the process of becoming the German Democratic Republic. Berg became a member of the new country's ruling SED (party) and took a position as a teacher at the prestigious Karl Marx Academy in Liebenwalde.[2] Between 1946 and 1951 she undertook various functions in the party's regional leadership in Saxony-Anhalt, working closely with Bernard Koenen. In 1951 she briefly became acting director of the Karl Marx Academy, before accepting a professorial directorship at the Party Central Committee's Social Sciences Institute, remaining in this post till 1958.[2]

From 1954 till 1958 Berg was a candidate for the party central committee, which she joined in 1958, retaining her membership till 1989. Between 1958 and 1971 she was the German party's editor and representative for the Prague based international ideological newspaper World Marxist Review (WMR / "Problems of Peace and socialism" / "Проблемы мира и социализма").[1] Between 1972 and 1974 she was deputy director of the party's central committee's Opinion Research Institute, succeeding the institute's founder-director, Karl Maron, in 1974. She left that position in 1979, when the Institute was abolished on the instigation of Erich Honecker, who believed opinion research to be "manipulative". She thereafter acted as a consultant to the Central Committee's International Relations Department.

In 1990, following German reunification, the old East German SED (Party) was succeeded by the PDS, and Berg became a member of the reborn party's "Council of old people".

Personal

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Berg was married to East Germany's first Minister for Education, Paul Wandel. He died in 1995 but she died just seven weeks short of her one hundredth birthday on 21 February 2006.[1]

Awards

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References

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Helene Berg

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''Helene Berg'' is an Austrian singer known for her marriage to the composer Alban Berg and her lifelong commitment to preserving and promoting his musical legacy after his death. Born Helene Karoline Nahowski on July 29, 1885, in Vienna, she studied opera singing under Marianne Brandt beginning in 1907 and built a repertoire of lieder by composers such as Richard Strauss, Johannes Brahms, and Edvard Grieg, though she largely withdrew from professional performances after her marriage. She met Alban Berg in 1907 and married him in 1911, after which the couple lived in Vienna's Hietzing district and later acquired a summer home, the Waldhaus, in Carinthia. Following Alban Berg's death in 1935, Helene Berg transformed their residences into memorial sites, edited and published his letters to her in 1965, and established the Alban Berg Stiftung in 1969 to support young musicians, preserve his works, and honor his memory. She also donated his manuscripts and papers to the Austrian National Library. Helene Berg died on August 30, 1976, in Vienna after a long illness. Her efforts ensured the continued study and performance of Alban Berg's compositions and provided ongoing assistance to emerging talent in music.

Early Life

Birth and Family Background

Helene Karoline Nahowski was born on July 29, 1885, in Vienna, Austria. She was the daughter of Anna Nahowski (née Nowak, formerly married to Heuduk; 1859–1931) and Franz Nahowski (1849–1925). Her siblings were Carola Heuduk (1877–1946), a painter from her mother's first marriage, Anna Lebert (née Nahowski; 1883–1973), and Franz Joseph Nahowski (1889–1942). The family resided at Maxingstraße 46 in Vienna's 13th district, Hietzing.

Singing Training

Helene Berg began opera singing lessons with the contralto Marianne Brandt in Vienna in 1907. Her repertoire during this period of formal training included songs by Richard Strauss, Johannes Brahms, Edvard Grieg, and other composers. In the same year, a watercolor painted by her sister Carola Heuduk depicted Helene playing the piano, evidencing her broader musical interests alongside vocal study. This phase of structured musical education remained brief. After her marriage to Alban Berg in 1911, Helene ended her formal vocal training and ceased any public or professional singing activities. She thereafter limited her singing exclusively to private settings, reflecting the abandonment of earlier professional aspirations in favor of her married life.

Marriage to Alban Berg

Meeting and Marriage

Alban Berg first saw Helene Nahowski at the opera on April 19, 1907, where he was introduced to her, marking the beginning of their relationship. The encounter occurred in Vienna, and despite her background as a singer from a wealthy family, their courtship faced significant opposition from Helene's family. Despite this hostility, the couple married on May 3, 1911. The ceremony was Protestant, reportedly at the insistence of her father to facilitate a potential future divorce, even though both were raised Roman Catholic. Following the wedding, Helene ended her vocal career and the couple settled into married life.

Shared Life and Residences

Helene Berg and her husband Alban Berg resided primarily in an apartment at Trauttmansdorffgasse 27 in Vienna's 13th district (Hietzing) from their marriage in 1911 until his death in 1935, making it their main home throughout his active composing years. In 1932, the couple purchased the Waldhaus, a woodland house in Auen near Velden, Carinthia, which became their second residence and a place of retreat. Following their marriage, Helene Berg ended her vocal training and professional singing career, thereafter limiting her singing to private settings only. She voluntarily relinquished her own modest artistic pursuits to devote herself fully to Alban Berg, stating in a personal reflection that she gave up joyfully what had made her youth beautiful and hopeful—her modest art—and wished to exist solely for him. During Alban Berg's compositional period, Helene provided general private support without assuming any specific professional role in his work.

Widowhood and Memorial Efforts

Alban Berg's Death and Immediate Aftermath

Alban Berg died during the night of December 23–24, 1935, in Vienna. The composer's sudden death at age 50 left Helene Berg to manage the immediate consequences of his passing while grappling with profound personal loss. In the immediate aftermath, Helene Berg relocated primarily to the Waldhaus in Auen am Wörthersee, Carinthia, where she lived predominantly from 1935 onward. The Waldhaus, a secluded lodge on the southern shore of the lake near Schiefling am See that the couple had acquired in 1932, became her main residence following the events in Vienna. This shift allowed her to withdraw from the city environment where her husband had died and to begin adjusting to widowhood in the more isolated setting they had previously used.

Preservation of Homes as Memorials

After Alban Berg's death in 1935, Helene Berg focused her efforts on preserving the residences associated with her husband as memorials to his life and creative work. She primarily resided in the Waldhaus in Auen near the Wörthersee and transformed the study there into a memorial site that maintained the original arrangement and atmosphere of Alban Berg's working environment. She similarly converted the study in their apartment at Trauttmansdorffgasse 27 in Vienna into a memorial site, preserving it as a space dedicated to his memory and legacy. These preservation efforts included securing heritage protection for several key residences. The Waldhaus in Auen has been listed under monument protection since 1965, ensuring the long-term conservation of the house where the Bergs lived from 1933 onward and where Alban Berg spent significant periods composing. The residences in Trauttmansdorffgasse (Vienna), Trahütten, and the Waldhaus (Auen) are recognized as protected cultural heritage sites, with memorial plaques installed to commemorate their association with Alban Berg. These memorial sites remain maintained and accessible in various forms, with the Waldhaus in Auen serving as a key site for remembering Alban Berg through preserved interiors and historical tours, while the Trauttmansdorffgasse apartment continues to preserve original furnishings and collections related to the couple.

Preservation of Alban Berg's Legacy

Publication of Correspondence

Helene Berg edited and published a collection of her husband's letters to her in 1965 under the title Alban Berg. Briefe an seine Frau, issued by Langen/Müller in Munich and Vienna. As the editor, she made changes to the texts and performed abridgements. These text alterations and cuts by Helene Berg led to arguments with Franz Willnauer, who had been commissioned to edit the letters. From 1935 to 1976, Helene Berg also worked on a biography of Alban Berg, a project that remained unfinished though its drafts have survived.

Establishment of the Alban Berg Stiftung

In 1969, Helene Berg established the Alban Berg Stiftung by registering its charter. The foundation was created to perpetuate Alban Berg's musical legacy through targeted initiatives. Its core purposes include awarding scholarships to talented music students, providing financial and educational support for young musicians, and preserving the composer's memory and works. The Stiftung has continued its activities to the present day, maintaining its commitment to these objectives. As part of her broader legacy efforts, Helene Berg bequeathed important documents to the foundation.

Control Over Unfinished Works

Helene Berg maintained strict control over her husband Alban Berg's unfinished opera Lulu, expressly prohibiting the inspection of its sketches or any completion and performance of a three-act version during her lifetime. ) This decision stemmed from her personal reasons and was upheld for decades after Alban Berg's death in 1935, limiting performances to the two-act torso, often supplemented by excerpts from the Lulu Suite. ) Alban Berg's written documents, including the Lulu materials, were bequeathed to the Austrian National Library. Following Helene Berg's death in 1976, the prohibition was lifted. ) This enabled Friedrich Cerha to complete the orchestration of Act III based on Berg's surviving short score and sketches, resulting in the publication of the full three-act version in 1979 and its premiere on 24 February 1979 at the Paris Opéra under Pierre Boulez. ) The broader activities of the Alban Berg Stiftung supported preservation efforts but did not alter her specific restrictions on the unfinished works.

Later Life and Recognition

Awards and Honors

Helene Berg received the Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver for Services to the Republic of Austria (Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich) on January 10, 1976. This state honor was conferred in recognition of her merits toward the Republic of Austria, particularly her extensive work in preserving and promoting the musical legacy of her husband, composer Alban Berg, through the establishment of memorials and the Alban Berg Foundation. The award came in the final months of her life, as she passed away later that year on August 30.

Media Appearances

Helene Berg's media appearances were extremely limited and confined to her later years, always in the context of her role as the widow and guardian of Alban Berg's musical legacy rather than any professional performance or production involvement. In 1972, she appeared as herself in a BBC documentary episode of Music on 2 titled "Berg," which presented a portrait of the composer through interviews and commentary. The program included contributions from Helene Berg alongside other figures connected to Alban Berg's life and work, such as conductor Jascha Horenstein. Following her death in 1976, archive footage of Helene appeared posthumously in a 1977 episode of the BBC series The Lively Arts, also titled "Berg," which revisited the composer's life and achievements. These two television credits constitute the entirety of her documented on-screen presence, reflecting the minimal and entirely non-professional nature of her media involvement, which was solely tied to discussions of Alban Berg's music and estate.

Death

Final Years and Passing

Helene Berg spent her final years primarily between Vienna and the Waldhaus in Auen bei Velden, Carinthia, continuing her efforts to preserve her husband Alban Berg's memory and works. On January 10, 1976, she was awarded the Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver for Services to the Republic of Austria. She died on August 30, 1976, in Vienna, Austria, at the age of 91, following a prolonged illness. She was buried at Friedhof Hietzing in Vienna, in Group 49, Number 24F, beside Alban Berg.

Burial and Legacy

Helene Berg was buried alongside her husband Alban Berg in Vienna's Hietzing Cemetery. This placement in the same grave reflects the close partnership that defined much of her life after his death in 1935. Helene Berg's most significant legacy stems from her role as the primary guardian of Alban Berg's musical works, manuscripts, and artistic memory from 1936 until her death in 1976. During this period of more than four decades, she devoted herself to protecting and managing his legacy with meticulous care, ensuring its preservation for future generations. Her efforts positioned her as the central figure in maintaining the integrity of Alban Berg's contributions to modern classical music until the end of her life.

References

  1. https://www.absw.at/cms.php?redir=helene-berg-biographie&lang=E
  2. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/10/archives/helene-berg-92-widow-of-composer-is-dead.html
  3. https://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Berg-Alban.htm
  4. https://www.universaledition.com/en/Contacts/Alban-Berg/
  5. https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/19/archives/melancholy-themes-berg-authors-query.html
  6. https://albanbergvilla.com/alban-berg/
  7. https://www.absw.at/cms.php?redir=alban-berg-biographie&lang=E
  8. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/may/18/arts.highereducation
  9. https://martijnhooning.nl/muziekgeschiedenis/berg_gedenken_e.html
  10. https://www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at/Helene_Berg
  11. https://www.bda.gv.at/dam/jcr:475fa141-22e8-4a54-8ccd-f00db156a410/OEZKD_2020_Heft_3-4_ebook.pdf
  12. https://austria-forum.org/af/AustriaWiki/Liste_der_denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzten_Objekte_in_Schiefling_am_W%C3%B6rthersee
  13. https://www.absw.at/stiftung-waldhaus
  14. https://kulturpool.at/inhalte/alban-und-helene-bergs-bibliothek
  15. https://catalog.freelibrary.org/Record/257948
  16. https://vb.hfmt-hamburg.de/artikel/Helene_Berg.pdf
  17. https://mugi.hfmt-hamburg.de/receive/mugi_person_00000068
  18. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5572834/
  19. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1405963/
  20. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8015491/
  21. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119929359/helene_karoline-berg
  22. https://androom.home.xs4all.nl/biography/p013974.htm
  23. http://www.elisarolle.com/queerplaces/fghij/Helene%20Nahowski%20Berg.html
  24. https://academic.oup.com/book/39663/chapter/339645204
  25. https://kulturpool.at/en/institutions/alban-berg-foundation
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