History of Haryana
History of Haryana
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History of Haryana

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History of Haryana

Haryana is a state in India. The state houses several sites from the Indus Valley Civilization, which was a cradle of civilisation. In the Mahabharata, Haryana is mentioned as Bahudanayak Region.[citation needed]

Haryana has been ruled by various native and non-native polities including the Maurya Empire, Gupta Empire, Pushyabhuti dynasty, Pratihara dynasty, Tomara Dynasty, Chahamanas of Shakambhari, Ghurid dynasty, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Sikh Confederacy, Durrani Empire, Maratha Empire, George Thomas, Gwalior State, Company Rule in India and British Raj.

Sikhs during the 18th and 19th centuries ruled some parts of the Haryana region which earlier came under Punjab division. Some Sikh states in Haryana were Jind, Kaithal, Hisar, Ladwa, Kalsia and others. Mostly Sikh rulers belong to Jats community of Punjab.

During Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, Haryana was known as Delhi Subah. Many historically significant battles have been fought in it such as Battle of Tarain, Battle of Panipat, and Battle of Karnal. The Khanzadas of Mewat ruled the Mewat region until 1527.

During the British Colonial period, from 1858 to 1947 it was administered as a part of the Punjab province. It became a separate administrative state of India in 1966. Chandigarh is the joint capital for the states of Punjab and Haryana.

History of human presence in Haryana dates back to 100,000 years ago. Archaeologists discovered cave paintings and tools in Mangar Bani hill forest in May 2021; the cave paintings are estimated to be 100,000 years old. These are believed to be the largest in the Indian subcontinent and possibly the world's oldest. Group of 43 sites was found in this area including Ankhir, Anangpur, Anangpur Dam, Shilakhari, Mangar Bani, Dhauj, Kot, Roj ka Gujjar, Nurpur, Dhumaspur, Surajkund, etc.

Paleolithic and Neolithic Stone Age (7000 BCE - 5500 BCE) find were excavated from the banks of the stream (paleochannel of Saraswati river) flowing through HMT complex, by the Guy Ellcock Pilgrim who was a British geologist and palaeontologist, who discovered 150,000 year old prehistoric human teeth and part of a jaw denoting that the ancient people, who were intelligent hominins dating as far back as 150,000 ybp Acheulean period, lived in Pinjore region near Chandigarh. Quartzite tools of Lower Paleolithic period were excavated in this region extending from Pinjore in Haryana to Nalagarh (Solan district in Himachal Pradesh.

Neolithic are numerous in Haryana, specially the pre-IVC phases found at Bhirrana, Siswal, Rakhigarhi, Kunal, etc.

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