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History of New Hampshire
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History of New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. During the American Revolution, it was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule. One of the smallest U.S. states in area and population, it was part of New England's textile economy between the American Civil War and World War II. Since the 20th century, the state has been known for its presidential primary, outdoor recreation, educational boarding schools, and being part of the biotech industry.
Various Algonquian-speaking Abenaki tribes, largely divided between the Androscoggin, Ko'asek and Pennacook nations, lived in the area as long as 12,000 years before European settlement. Despite the similar language, they had a very different culture and religion from other Algonquian peoples. English and French explorers visited New Hampshire in 1600–1605, and David Thompson settled at Odiorne's Point in present-day Rye in 1623.
In 1622, the Council for New England granted all the land between the Merrimack River and Kennebec River to Captain John Mason (former governor of Newfoundland) and Sir Ferdinando Gorges. Mason sent a group of colonists who arrived at Odiorne's Point in Rye (near Portsmouth) by a group of fishermen from England, under David Thompson in 1623, three years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Early historians believed the first native-born New Hampshirite, John Thompson, was born there. Thompson was followed a few years later by Edward and William Hilton. They led an expedition to the vicinity of Dover, which they called Northam. The first permanent European settlement was at Hilton's Point (present-day Dover), in 1623. This became known as the Upper Plantation.
In 1629, Mason and Gorges ended their partnership, and split their land at the Piscataqua River. Mason took the western half and named it New Hampshire, after the English county of Hampshire, one of the first Saxon shires. Hampshire was itself named after the port of Southampton, which was known previously as simply "Hampton". Gorges called the eastern half New Somersetshire, but it was also known as Maine. It would eventually become the core of the modern state of Maine, and the Piscataqua remains the southern portion of the boundary between Maine and New Hampshire. (Where in the river the boundary was to be drawn exactly, and thus which islands were included, was the subject of two U.S. Supreme Court cases in 1977 and 2001; see Piscataqua River border dispute.)
The Odiorne's Point settlement was abandoned in favor of Strawbery Banke (founded 1630) which became modern Portsmouth. This was known as the Lower Plantation. By 1631, the Upper Plantation comprised modern-day Dover, Durham and Stratham. The Upper and Lower Plantations had separate governors from 1630 to 1641. Captain Thomas Wiggin served as the first governor of the Upper Plantation.
Mason died in 1635 without ever seeing the colony he founded. Settlers from Pannaway, moving to the Portsmouth region later and combining with an expedition of the new Laconia Company (formed 1629) under Captain Neal, called their new settlement Strawbery Banke. In 1638, Exeter was founded by John Wheelwright.
Mason's colony was unprofitable and it was abandoned by his heirs. Settlers were divided as to whether they should remain independent or be governed by Massachusetts, which had also reasserted its claim to New Hampshire and Maine based on its original grant.137 A compact of governance was signed in 1639, which by 1641 put all New Hampshire towns under Massachusetts jurisdiction. Home rule of the towns was allowed. In 1653, Strawbery Banke petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts to change its name to Portsmouth, which was granted.
The relationship between Massachusetts and the independent New Hampshirites was controversial and tenuous and complicated by land claims maintained by the heirs of John Mason. In 1679, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts, issuing a charter for the royal Province of New Hampshire, with John Cutt as governor. New Hampshire was absorbed into the Dominion of New England in 1686, which collapsed in 1689. After a brief period without formal government (the settlements were de facto ruled by Massachusetts) William III and Mary II issued a new provincial charter in 1691. From 1699 to 1741, the governors of Massachusetts were also commissioned as governors of New Hampshire.
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History of New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. During the American Revolution, it was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule. One of the smallest U.S. states in area and population, it was part of New England's textile economy between the American Civil War and World War II. Since the 20th century, the state has been known for its presidential primary, outdoor recreation, educational boarding schools, and being part of the biotech industry.
Various Algonquian-speaking Abenaki tribes, largely divided between the Androscoggin, Ko'asek and Pennacook nations, lived in the area as long as 12,000 years before European settlement. Despite the similar language, they had a very different culture and religion from other Algonquian peoples. English and French explorers visited New Hampshire in 1600–1605, and David Thompson settled at Odiorne's Point in present-day Rye in 1623.
In 1622, the Council for New England granted all the land between the Merrimack River and Kennebec River to Captain John Mason (former governor of Newfoundland) and Sir Ferdinando Gorges. Mason sent a group of colonists who arrived at Odiorne's Point in Rye (near Portsmouth) by a group of fishermen from England, under David Thompson in 1623, three years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Early historians believed the first native-born New Hampshirite, John Thompson, was born there. Thompson was followed a few years later by Edward and William Hilton. They led an expedition to the vicinity of Dover, which they called Northam. The first permanent European settlement was at Hilton's Point (present-day Dover), in 1623. This became known as the Upper Plantation.
In 1629, Mason and Gorges ended their partnership, and split their land at the Piscataqua River. Mason took the western half and named it New Hampshire, after the English county of Hampshire, one of the first Saxon shires. Hampshire was itself named after the port of Southampton, which was known previously as simply "Hampton". Gorges called the eastern half New Somersetshire, but it was also known as Maine. It would eventually become the core of the modern state of Maine, and the Piscataqua remains the southern portion of the boundary between Maine and New Hampshire. (Where in the river the boundary was to be drawn exactly, and thus which islands were included, was the subject of two U.S. Supreme Court cases in 1977 and 2001; see Piscataqua River border dispute.)
The Odiorne's Point settlement was abandoned in favor of Strawbery Banke (founded 1630) which became modern Portsmouth. This was known as the Lower Plantation. By 1631, the Upper Plantation comprised modern-day Dover, Durham and Stratham. The Upper and Lower Plantations had separate governors from 1630 to 1641. Captain Thomas Wiggin served as the first governor of the Upper Plantation.
Mason died in 1635 without ever seeing the colony he founded. Settlers from Pannaway, moving to the Portsmouth region later and combining with an expedition of the new Laconia Company (formed 1629) under Captain Neal, called their new settlement Strawbery Banke. In 1638, Exeter was founded by John Wheelwright.
Mason's colony was unprofitable and it was abandoned by his heirs. Settlers were divided as to whether they should remain independent or be governed by Massachusetts, which had also reasserted its claim to New Hampshire and Maine based on its original grant.137 A compact of governance was signed in 1639, which by 1641 put all New Hampshire towns under Massachusetts jurisdiction. Home rule of the towns was allowed. In 1653, Strawbery Banke petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts to change its name to Portsmouth, which was granted.
The relationship between Massachusetts and the independent New Hampshirites was controversial and tenuous and complicated by land claims maintained by the heirs of John Mason. In 1679, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts, issuing a charter for the royal Province of New Hampshire, with John Cutt as governor. New Hampshire was absorbed into the Dominion of New England in 1686, which collapsed in 1689. After a brief period without formal government (the settlements were de facto ruled by Massachusetts) William III and Mary II issued a new provincial charter in 1691. From 1699 to 1741, the governors of Massachusetts were also commissioned as governors of New Hampshire.
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