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History of the Jews in Mongolia
The history of the Jews in Mongolia dates to the 19th century, when Jewish merchants from Siberia established trade links with Mongolian communities. A small Jewish population developed in the early 20th century, primarily composed of Russian Jews fleeing the Russian Civil War. In June 1921, the community in Urga (now Ulaanbaatar) was massacred under the orders of White Russian warlord Roman von Ungern-Sternberg.
Today, Mongolia’s Jewish population is very small, numbering fewer than 100 individuals. There is no synagogue or communal infrastructure. A Jewish-interest group, Mongol-Jewish Cooperation, was formed in 2003 to promote awareness of Judaism and Israel among Mongolians.
Before 1920, most Jews that arrived in Mongolia were of Russian background, and had fled the chaos of the Russian Civil War.
In June 1921, this community was massacred under orders from White Russian warlord Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, who instructed his forces to kill "all Jews, Bolsheviks and Chinese soldiers." The killings were carried out by a Captain Feodoroff. One known survivor, Israel-Eli (Alexander) Zanzer, had assimilated into Mongolian society and held a noble title before eventually fleeing to Poland, where he was murdered during the Holocaust.
Despite the massacre, Jewish migration resumed a few years later, primarily from Russia.
In 1925–6, a Russian-Jewish journalist came across a community of 50 newly settled families in a remote region of Outer Mongolia approximately 320 kilometres (200 miles) from the Manchurian border. In 1926, Ulaanbaatar had a population of 600 Russian Jews who had attempted to leave Outer Mongolia, which was a Soviet satellite state at the time.
During World War II, Soviet authorities relocated thousands of Lithuanian Jews to Soviet Mongolia and Eastern Siberia. The Jewish community in Mongolia faded during the Communist era.
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, a number of Jewish citizens left the country in search of better economic opportunities. Some left for Israel, which had a visa agreement with Mongolia.
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History of the Jews in Mongolia
The history of the Jews in Mongolia dates to the 19th century, when Jewish merchants from Siberia established trade links with Mongolian communities. A small Jewish population developed in the early 20th century, primarily composed of Russian Jews fleeing the Russian Civil War. In June 1921, the community in Urga (now Ulaanbaatar) was massacred under the orders of White Russian warlord Roman von Ungern-Sternberg.
Today, Mongolia’s Jewish population is very small, numbering fewer than 100 individuals. There is no synagogue or communal infrastructure. A Jewish-interest group, Mongol-Jewish Cooperation, was formed in 2003 to promote awareness of Judaism and Israel among Mongolians.
Before 1920, most Jews that arrived in Mongolia were of Russian background, and had fled the chaos of the Russian Civil War.
In June 1921, this community was massacred under orders from White Russian warlord Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, who instructed his forces to kill "all Jews, Bolsheviks and Chinese soldiers." The killings were carried out by a Captain Feodoroff. One known survivor, Israel-Eli (Alexander) Zanzer, had assimilated into Mongolian society and held a noble title before eventually fleeing to Poland, where he was murdered during the Holocaust.
Despite the massacre, Jewish migration resumed a few years later, primarily from Russia.
In 1925–6, a Russian-Jewish journalist came across a community of 50 newly settled families in a remote region of Outer Mongolia approximately 320 kilometres (200 miles) from the Manchurian border. In 1926, Ulaanbaatar had a population of 600 Russian Jews who had attempted to leave Outer Mongolia, which was a Soviet satellite state at the time.
During World War II, Soviet authorities relocated thousands of Lithuanian Jews to Soviet Mongolia and Eastern Siberia. The Jewish community in Mongolia faded during the Communist era.
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, a number of Jewish citizens left the country in search of better economic opportunities. Some left for Israel, which had a visa agreement with Mongolia.