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Human trafficking in Egypt
Egypt is a source, transit, and destination country for trafficking of women and children, specifically for forced labor and forced prostitution.
The U.S. State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons placed the country in "Tier 2" in 2017, meaning that its government does not fully meet the minimum standards described in the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), but is making significant efforts toward meeting those standards. The country was placed on the Tier 2 Watch List in 2023.
Egypt ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol in March 2004.
In 2023, the Organised Crime Index noted the prevalence of human trafficking and organ trafficking.
Some of Egypt's estimated two hundred thousand to one million street children - both boys and girls - were exploited in prostitution and forced begging. Local gangs were, at times, involved in this exploitation. Egyptian children were recruited for domestic and agricultural labor; some of these children faced conditions indicative of involuntary servitude, such as restrictions on movement, non-payment of wages, threats, and physical or sexual abuse.
In addition, wealthy men from Persian Gulf region reportedly traveled to Egypt to purchase "temporary" or "summer marriages" with Egyptian females, including girls who are under the age of 18. These arrangements were often facilitated by the females' parents and marriage brokers and were a form of commercial sexual exploitation of children. Child sex tourism occurs in Cairo, Alexandria, and Luxor. Egypt was a transit country for women trafficked from Uzbekistan, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, and other Eastern European countries to Israel for commercial sexual exploitation. Organized crime groups are involved in these movements.
Men and women from South and Southeast Asia may have been subjected to forced labor in Egypt. Ethiopians, Eritreans, Sudanese, Indonesians, Filipino, and possible Sri Lankan females migrated willingly to Egypt but may have been subjected to forced domestic work. Some conditions they faced include no time off, sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, withholding of wages, and restrictions of movement. Employers may have used the domestic workers' illegal status and lack of employment contracts as a coercive tool.
Some of the immigrants and refugees who engaged in prostitution may have been coerced to do so. Young female Sudanese refugees, including those under 18, may have been coerced into prostitution in Cairo's nightclubs by family or Sudanese gang members. NGO and media reports indicated some Egyptians were forced to work in Jordan and experienced the withholding of passports, forced overtime, non-payment of wages, and restrictions of movement.
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Human trafficking in Egypt
Egypt is a source, transit, and destination country for trafficking of women and children, specifically for forced labor and forced prostitution.
The U.S. State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons placed the country in "Tier 2" in 2017, meaning that its government does not fully meet the minimum standards described in the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), but is making significant efforts toward meeting those standards. The country was placed on the Tier 2 Watch List in 2023.
Egypt ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol in March 2004.
In 2023, the Organised Crime Index noted the prevalence of human trafficking and organ trafficking.
Some of Egypt's estimated two hundred thousand to one million street children - both boys and girls - were exploited in prostitution and forced begging. Local gangs were, at times, involved in this exploitation. Egyptian children were recruited for domestic and agricultural labor; some of these children faced conditions indicative of involuntary servitude, such as restrictions on movement, non-payment of wages, threats, and physical or sexual abuse.
In addition, wealthy men from Persian Gulf region reportedly traveled to Egypt to purchase "temporary" or "summer marriages" with Egyptian females, including girls who are under the age of 18. These arrangements were often facilitated by the females' parents and marriage brokers and were a form of commercial sexual exploitation of children. Child sex tourism occurs in Cairo, Alexandria, and Luxor. Egypt was a transit country for women trafficked from Uzbekistan, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, and other Eastern European countries to Israel for commercial sexual exploitation. Organized crime groups are involved in these movements.
Men and women from South and Southeast Asia may have been subjected to forced labor in Egypt. Ethiopians, Eritreans, Sudanese, Indonesians, Filipino, and possible Sri Lankan females migrated willingly to Egypt but may have been subjected to forced domestic work. Some conditions they faced include no time off, sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, withholding of wages, and restrictions of movement. Employers may have used the domestic workers' illegal status and lack of employment contracts as a coercive tool.
Some of the immigrants and refugees who engaged in prostitution may have been coerced to do so. Young female Sudanese refugees, including those under 18, may have been coerced into prostitution in Cairo's nightclubs by family or Sudanese gang members. NGO and media reports indicated some Egyptians were forced to work in Jordan and experienced the withholding of passports, forced overtime, non-payment of wages, and restrictions of movement.