Idris (prophet)

Idris (Arabic: إدريس, romanized: ʾIdrīs) is an ancient prophet mentioned in the Qur'an, who Muslims believe was the second prophet after Adam. He is the third prophet mentioned in the Quran. Islamic tradition has unanimously identified Idris with the biblical Enoch. Many Muslim scholars of the classical and medieval periods held that Idris and Hermes Trismegistus were the same person.

He is described in the Qur'an as "trustworthy" and "patient" and the Qur'an also says that he was "exalted to a high station". Because of this and other parallels, traditionally Idris has been identified with the biblical Enoch, and Islamic tradition usually places Idris in the early Generations of Adam, and considers him one of the oldest prophets mentioned in the Qur'an, placing him between Adam and Noah. Idris' unique status inspired many future traditions and stories surrounding him in Islamic folklore.

According to a hadith narrated by Malik ibn Anas and found in Sahih Muslim, it is said that on Muhammad's Night Journey, he encountered Idris in the fourth of the seven heavens. The traditions that have developed around the figure of Idris have given him the scope of a prophet as well as a philosopher and mystic, and many later Muslim mystics, or Sufis, including Ruzbihan Baqli and Ibn 'Arabi, also mentioned having encountered Idris in their spiritual visions.

The name Idris (إدريس) has been described as perhaps having the origin of meaning "interpreter," a claim consistent with the three-letter root of the name, darasa (Arabic: ﺩَﺭَﺱَ, lit. 'to study') Traditionally, Islam holds the prophet as having functioned an interpretive and mystical role and therefore this meaning garnered a general acceptance. Later Muslim sources, those of the eighth century, began to hold that Idris had two names, "Idris" and "Enoch", and other sources even stated that "Idris' true name is Enoch and that he is called Idris in Arabic because of his devotion to the study of the sacred books of his ancestors Adam and Seth". Therefore, these later sources also highlighted Idris as either meaning "interpreter" or having some meaning close to that of an interpretive role. Several of the classical commentators on the Quran, such as Al-Baydawi said he was "called Idris from the Arabic dars, meaning "to study", from his knowledge of divine mysteries".

Idris is mentioned twice in the Qur'an. In both instances, he is described as a wise man.

In surah 19 of the Quran, Maryam, God says:

Also mention in the Book the case of Idris: He was a man of truth (and sincerity), (and) a prophet:
And We raised him to an exalted place.

— Quran 19:56–57 ^{(Yusuf Ali)}