Indira Gandhi nationalized 14 major commercial banks in India, aiming to direct credit towards priority sectors such as agriculture and small-scale industries. This move was intended to reduce the concentration of wealth and promote social justice.

Indira Gandhi abolished privy purses, which were payments made to former rulers of princely states. This decision aimed to eliminate a vestige of the colonial era and promote equality.

Indira Gandhi pursued socialist policies, including land reforms and price controls, to address poverty and inequality. However, these policies often faced implementation challenges and did not always achieve their intended outcomes.

During her second term, Indira Gandhi initiated some economic liberalization measures, such as easing restrictions on foreign investment and promoting exports. These reforms were aimed at stimulating economic growth and improving India's competitiveness.