Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov (Russian: Ива́н Па́влович Машко́в, 13 January 1867 – 13 August 1945) was a Russian architect and preservationist, known for surveying and restoring buildings such as the Dormition Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin, Novodevichy Convent, and other medieval structures. His best-known extant building is the Sokol (Falcon), a luxury Art Nouveau apartment building on Kuznetsky Most Street in Moscow. A prolific architect, Mashkov primarily designed eclectic buildings featuring Russian Revival elements.

Ivan Mikhailovich Sokolov, born the son of a village blacksmith (Russian: Иван Михайлович Евдокимов), lost both his parents in early childhood. He was adopted by Pavel Karpovich Mashkov, a businessman from Lipetsk, and his wife, Natalya Yefimovna (née Andreyeva), and consequently took the name Mashkov. Natalya's brother, Alexey Yefimovich Andreev, was a town architect in Lipetsk.

In 1881, Mashkov was admitted to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He graduated from the architecture class of Alexander Kaminsky in 1886, receiving an honorary medal and a construction license at the age of 19. This was considered an exceptionally rapid education; obtaining a professional license typically took 10 to 15 years after admission.

From 1885 to 1888, Mashkov assisted Konstantin Bykovsky [ru] with the planning of the Devichye Pole campus and August Weber [de] with the completion of the Polytechnical Museum in Moscow. In 1889–1890, at the age of 23, he visited Lipetsk and completed two schools, a hospital, and a prison chapel there. Returning to Moscow, Mashkov completed over a dozen buildings before the age of thirty, and his masterpiece, the Sokol, at the age of 36.

Mashkov's Sokol building (Falcon) is considered unique not only within his body of work but also within Moscow Art Nouveau generally. It is the only building in the city designed in the original Vienna Secession style (Illarion Ivanov-Schitz designed a modified version). Its gilded roof and abundant forged iron ornaments resembled the work of Otto Wagner (these ornaments were eventually lost). However, the building is distinctly Muscovite; the shape of its frieze echoes the lines of the nearby Hotel Metropol.

The majolica mosaic depicting a falcon flying over a stormy sea was created by Nikolai Sapunov of the Mir Iskusstva art group. The subject of this mosaic is considered a double reference: to Maxim Gorky's Song of a falcon (1899) and to the nearby Moscow Art Theater's Seagull symbol (1903). Despite these artistic references and the similarity to Mashkov's original name, the building was named after M.V. Sokol, the owner.

Mashkov's work before the Sokol building adhered to traditional Muscovite eclectics and moderate Russian Revival styles of the 1880s–1890s, and is not particularly distinctive among the numerous similar buildings from this era. An unusually large portion of his work was commissioned for public charities, which precluded expensive decorations and interiors. The only decoration he frequently employed was Abramtsevo majolica.

After the Russian Revolution of 1905, public interest in Art Nouveau declined, and architects responded with a revival of Neoclassicism. Mashkov completed two private buildings (the Tverskoy Pawn Shop and Eggert Apartments) in a stern, Saint Petersburg version of this style. In 1912–1913, he built his last major project, a psychiatric hospital on Poteshnaya Street (now Gannushkin Hospital). While these buildings did not become architectural landmarks, Mashkov did make a lasting statement with his iconic monument to Ivan Fyodorov (sculpture by Sergei Volnukhin).