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Jack Ruby
Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Rubenstein; c. March 25, 1911 – January 3, 1967) was an American nightclub owner, notable for murdering Lee Harvey Oswald.
Born in Chicago, Ruby operated nightclubs in Texas. On November 24, 1963, two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Ruby shot and mortally wounded Oswald in Dallas Police Headquarters and was immediately arrested. The shooting happened on live television. Ruby was convicted and sentenced to death. The conviction was overturned on appeal, and he was granted a new trial, but Ruby fell ill, was diagnosed with cancer, and died of a pulmonary embolism on January 3, 1967.
In 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that there was no evidence Ruby was part of a conspiracy; despite this, Ruby's murder of Oswald has stoked John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories.
Jacob Rubenstein was born on or around March 25, 1911, to Joseph Rubenstein, a carpenter, and Fannie Turek Rutkowski (or Rokowsky), both Polish-born Orthodox Jews residing in the Maxwell Street area of Chicago, Illinois. He was the fifth of his parents' 10 surviving children. During his childhood, the parents often behaved violently towards each other and frequently separated; Ruby's mother was eventually committed to a psychiatric hospital.
His troubled childhood and adolescence were marked by juvenile delinquency, with time being spent in foster care. He was arrested at the age of 11 for truancy. A childhood friend of Ruby's was the boxer Barney Ross. From his early childhood, Ruby was nicknamed "Sparky" by those who knew him. His sister, Eva Grant, said that he acquired the nickname because he resembled a slow-moving horse named "Spark Plug" or "Sparky" in the contemporary comic strip Barney Google. Other accounts say that the name was given because of his quick temper. Grant stated that Ruby did not like the nickname and was quick to fight anyone who called him that.
Ruby left school at 16. He made money through ticket scalping and selling horse race tip sheets. Around 1937, he became an organizer in Local 20467 of the Scrap Iron and Junk Handlers Union. In 1939, union president Leon Cooke was murdered. Cooke was a friend of Ruby, and he was investigated as a suspect, although he was cleared of any wrongdoing. He adopted the middle name "Leon" in tribute to his friend. When Paul Dorfman replaced Cooke as president, Ruby continued on in the union for another two months before leaving.
In 1941, Ruby and Harry Epstein organized the Spartan Novelty Co., a small firm that sold small cedar chests containing candy and punchboards. He designed plaques commemorating the Day of Infamy for sale, but his perfectionism led to production delays.
Ruby was drafted in 1943 and served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, working as an aircraft mechanic at US bases until 1946. He had an honorable record and was promoted to private first class. Upon discharge, in 1946, Ruby returned to Chicago.
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Jack Ruby
Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Rubenstein; c. March 25, 1911 – January 3, 1967) was an American nightclub owner, notable for murdering Lee Harvey Oswald.
Born in Chicago, Ruby operated nightclubs in Texas. On November 24, 1963, two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Ruby shot and mortally wounded Oswald in Dallas Police Headquarters and was immediately arrested. The shooting happened on live television. Ruby was convicted and sentenced to death. The conviction was overturned on appeal, and he was granted a new trial, but Ruby fell ill, was diagnosed with cancer, and died of a pulmonary embolism on January 3, 1967.
In 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that there was no evidence Ruby was part of a conspiracy; despite this, Ruby's murder of Oswald has stoked John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories.
Jacob Rubenstein was born on or around March 25, 1911, to Joseph Rubenstein, a carpenter, and Fannie Turek Rutkowski (or Rokowsky), both Polish-born Orthodox Jews residing in the Maxwell Street area of Chicago, Illinois. He was the fifth of his parents' 10 surviving children. During his childhood, the parents often behaved violently towards each other and frequently separated; Ruby's mother was eventually committed to a psychiatric hospital.
His troubled childhood and adolescence were marked by juvenile delinquency, with time being spent in foster care. He was arrested at the age of 11 for truancy. A childhood friend of Ruby's was the boxer Barney Ross. From his early childhood, Ruby was nicknamed "Sparky" by those who knew him. His sister, Eva Grant, said that he acquired the nickname because he resembled a slow-moving horse named "Spark Plug" or "Sparky" in the contemporary comic strip Barney Google. Other accounts say that the name was given because of his quick temper. Grant stated that Ruby did not like the nickname and was quick to fight anyone who called him that.
Ruby left school at 16. He made money through ticket scalping and selling horse race tip sheets. Around 1937, he became an organizer in Local 20467 of the Scrap Iron and Junk Handlers Union. In 1939, union president Leon Cooke was murdered. Cooke was a friend of Ruby, and he was investigated as a suspect, although he was cleared of any wrongdoing. He adopted the middle name "Leon" in tribute to his friend. When Paul Dorfman replaced Cooke as president, Ruby continued on in the union for another two months before leaving.
In 1941, Ruby and Harry Epstein organized the Spartan Novelty Co., a small firm that sold small cedar chests containing candy and punchboards. He designed plaques commemorating the Day of Infamy for sale, but his perfectionism led to production delays.
Ruby was drafted in 1943 and served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, working as an aircraft mechanic at US bases until 1946. He had an honorable record and was promoted to private first class. Upon discharge, in 1946, Ruby returned to Chicago.