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Japanese cruiser Furutaka
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Japanese cruiser Furutaka
Furutaka (Japanese: 古鷹; named after Mount Furutaka) was the lead ship in the two-vessel Furutaka-class of heavy cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy. The ship was named after Mount Furutaka, located on Etajima, Hiroshima, immediately behind the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy. She was commissioned in 1926 and was sunk 12 October 1942 by USS Salt Lake City and USS Buchanan at the Battle of Cape Esperance.
Design work on the Furutaka class of heavy cruisers began in the late 1910s in conjunction with the experimental light cruiser Yūbari under the direction of noted naval engineer Yuzuru Hiraga. Both types incorporated radical weight-saving measures including using the side belt armor as part of the hull's structural strength. The Furutaka-class cruisers were intended to counter the American Omaha and British Hawkins-class cruisers. Despite Hiraga's efforts, the two Furutaka-class ships were about 1,000 long tons (1,016 t) overweight.
Furutaka was 185.17 meters (607 ft 6 in) long overall and had a beam of 15.77 m (51 ft 9 in) and a draft of 5.56 m (18 ft 3 in). She displaced 8,100 long tons (8,200 t) normally and up to 9,433 long tons (9,584 t) at full load. The ship's superstructure consisted of a large conning tower and bridge structure forward and a smaller, secondary structure aft. Her hull had a flush deck that had an unusual wavy profile that gradually reduced in height from bow to stern. Furutaka had a crew of 45 officers and 559 enlisted men.
Her propulsion system consisted of four geared steam turbines that drove four screw propellers. Steam was provided by twelve water-tube boilers that burned oil and coal; the boilers were vented through three uptakes, the first two of which were ducted together into a single large funnel. The ship's propulsion system was rated to produce 102,000 shaft horsepower (76,000 kW) for a top speed of 34.5 knots (63.9 km/h; 39.7 mph). While steaming at a more economical speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph), the ship could cruise for up to 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi).
The ship was armed with a main battery of six 20 cm (7.9 in) /50 guns in single gun turrets. The turrets were arranged in groups of three on the centerline; the forward set consisted of two forward-facing mounts, one superfiring over the other, with the third turret immediately behind, facing rearward. The aft set of three turrets were mirrored in the same pattern: two turrets facing aft, one superfiring over the other, and the other turret just ahead, facing forward. All six turrets could fire to either broadside. In addition, Furutaka fitted with four 7.6 cm (3 in) anti-aircraft guns mounted individually, along with a pair of 7.7 mm (0.30 in) Lewis guns for close-range defense. The ship carried a heavy torpedo armament consisting of twelve 61 cm (24 in) torpedo tubes. These were arranged in fixed pairs along the side of the ship.
Furutaka was protected by an armor belt that was 7.6 cm (3 in) thick along with an armor deck that was 3.49 cm (1.375 in) thick; the deck connected to the top of the belt. The ammunition magazines received 5.1 cm (2 in) of armor protection, and the main battery turrets had a maximum thickness of 2.5 cm (1 in). The armor layout was only intended to defeat 15 cm (6 in) shells. And because the ship was badly overweight, the belt was partially submerged, which reduced its effectiveness.
Furutaka underwent a series of significant refits, beginning with modifications to her funnels in late 1926 and early 1927; smoke from the funnels caused excessive interference with the bridge and other control platforms. Accordingly, the funnels were increased in height and their caps were altered. The ship next saw another shipyard period in 1930, when the flying-off platform for her aircraft was removed. Furutaka was modernized at Kure Naval Base in 1932–1933, receiving new anti-aircraft guns, an aircraft catapult, and a Nakajima E4N2 floatplane. The old 7.6 cm anti-aircraft guns were replaced with an equal number of 12 cm (4.7 in) /45 guns, which were fitted in individual mounts with gun shields. Four 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Hotchkiss machine guns were installed in twin mounts on sponsons that were added to the forward conning tower.
A more extensive reconstruction took place from April 1937 to April 1939, also at Kure. The main battery guns were replaced with Mark 2 variants, which had been re-bored to 20.3 cm (8 in), and were carried in twin turrets. The 12 cm guns were rearranged to clear space for storage space for additional torpedoes. Four more 13.2 mm machine guns were added to the forward conning tower, along with a control room to direct all of those guns. The original fixed torpedo tubes were replaced with a pair of trainable quadruple mounts on the upper deck. They were initially supplied with Type 90 torpedoes, but by 1940, these had been replaced by the Type 93 torpedoes (well known as the "Long Lance").
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Japanese cruiser Furutaka
Furutaka (Japanese: 古鷹; named after Mount Furutaka) was the lead ship in the two-vessel Furutaka-class of heavy cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy. The ship was named after Mount Furutaka, located on Etajima, Hiroshima, immediately behind the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy. She was commissioned in 1926 and was sunk 12 October 1942 by USS Salt Lake City and USS Buchanan at the Battle of Cape Esperance.
Design work on the Furutaka class of heavy cruisers began in the late 1910s in conjunction with the experimental light cruiser Yūbari under the direction of noted naval engineer Yuzuru Hiraga. Both types incorporated radical weight-saving measures including using the side belt armor as part of the hull's structural strength. The Furutaka-class cruisers were intended to counter the American Omaha and British Hawkins-class cruisers. Despite Hiraga's efforts, the two Furutaka-class ships were about 1,000 long tons (1,016 t) overweight.
Furutaka was 185.17 meters (607 ft 6 in) long overall and had a beam of 15.77 m (51 ft 9 in) and a draft of 5.56 m (18 ft 3 in). She displaced 8,100 long tons (8,200 t) normally and up to 9,433 long tons (9,584 t) at full load. The ship's superstructure consisted of a large conning tower and bridge structure forward and a smaller, secondary structure aft. Her hull had a flush deck that had an unusual wavy profile that gradually reduced in height from bow to stern. Furutaka had a crew of 45 officers and 559 enlisted men.
Her propulsion system consisted of four geared steam turbines that drove four screw propellers. Steam was provided by twelve water-tube boilers that burned oil and coal; the boilers were vented through three uptakes, the first two of which were ducted together into a single large funnel. The ship's propulsion system was rated to produce 102,000 shaft horsepower (76,000 kW) for a top speed of 34.5 knots (63.9 km/h; 39.7 mph). While steaming at a more economical speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph), the ship could cruise for up to 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi).
The ship was armed with a main battery of six 20 cm (7.9 in) /50 guns in single gun turrets. The turrets were arranged in groups of three on the centerline; the forward set consisted of two forward-facing mounts, one superfiring over the other, with the third turret immediately behind, facing rearward. The aft set of three turrets were mirrored in the same pattern: two turrets facing aft, one superfiring over the other, and the other turret just ahead, facing forward. All six turrets could fire to either broadside. In addition, Furutaka fitted with four 7.6 cm (3 in) anti-aircraft guns mounted individually, along with a pair of 7.7 mm (0.30 in) Lewis guns for close-range defense. The ship carried a heavy torpedo armament consisting of twelve 61 cm (24 in) torpedo tubes. These were arranged in fixed pairs along the side of the ship.
Furutaka was protected by an armor belt that was 7.6 cm (3 in) thick along with an armor deck that was 3.49 cm (1.375 in) thick; the deck connected to the top of the belt. The ammunition magazines received 5.1 cm (2 in) of armor protection, and the main battery turrets had a maximum thickness of 2.5 cm (1 in). The armor layout was only intended to defeat 15 cm (6 in) shells. And because the ship was badly overweight, the belt was partially submerged, which reduced its effectiveness.
Furutaka underwent a series of significant refits, beginning with modifications to her funnels in late 1926 and early 1927; smoke from the funnels caused excessive interference with the bridge and other control platforms. Accordingly, the funnels were increased in height and their caps were altered. The ship next saw another shipyard period in 1930, when the flying-off platform for her aircraft was removed. Furutaka was modernized at Kure Naval Base in 1932–1933, receiving new anti-aircraft guns, an aircraft catapult, and a Nakajima E4N2 floatplane. The old 7.6 cm anti-aircraft guns were replaced with an equal number of 12 cm (4.7 in) /45 guns, which were fitted in individual mounts with gun shields. Four 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Hotchkiss machine guns were installed in twin mounts on sponsons that were added to the forward conning tower.
A more extensive reconstruction took place from April 1937 to April 1939, also at Kure. The main battery guns were replaced with Mark 2 variants, which had been re-bored to 20.3 cm (8 in), and were carried in twin turrets. The 12 cm guns were rearranged to clear space for storage space for additional torpedoes. Four more 13.2 mm machine guns were added to the forward conning tower, along with a control room to direct all of those guns. The original fixed torpedo tubes were replaced with a pair of trainable quadruple mounts on the upper deck. They were initially supplied with Type 90 torpedoes, but by 1940, these had been replaced by the Type 93 torpedoes (well known as the "Long Lance").
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