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Jennifer Tipton
Jennifer Tipton
Jennifer Tipton
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Jennifer Tipton (born September 11, 1937) is an American lighting designer. She has designed for dance, theater, and opera. She is known for working on many productions of American Ballet Theatre.[1]

Key Information

Life and career

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Tipton was born in Columbus, Ohio. In 1958, she graduated from Cornell University.[2] While performing as a dancer and rehearsal mistress, she noticed the importance of lighting, and studied dance lighting with Thomas Skelton, becoming his assistant.[3]

Her first lighting design for Broadway was in 1969 for Our Town. Among her many awards and nominations, she won the 1977 Tony Award for Best Lighting Design for lighting Andrei Serban's production of The Cherry Orchard and the 1989 Tony Award for lighting for Jerome Robbins' Broadway. She also has won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design twice.

She is known for her designs for dance and is the principal lighting designer for the Paul Taylor Dance Company.[3] Choreographers she has worked with include Mikhail Baryshnikov, Jiří Kylián, Dana Reitz, Jerome Robbins, Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, Dan Wagoner, and Shen Wei.

Tipton has designed lighting on many plays for the American Ballet Theatre, starting with A Soldier's Tale (1971). Other productions she worked on include Amnon V’Tamar, Bach Partita, Le Baiser de la Fée, Ballet Imperial, Brief Fling, Bruch Violin Concerto No.1, and Bum’s Rush.[1]

She designed the lighting for Baryshnikov's production of The Nutcracker, both for the stage and for television.[4]

In 2001, Tipton was awarded The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize, one of the richest prizes in the arts, given annually to "a man or woman who has made an outstanding contribution to the beauty of the world and to mankind's enjoyment and understanding of life."[5]

In January 2008, Tipton designed a large lighting display for the Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, NY. It was her first non-theatrical installation.[6][7]

In September 2008, she won a MacArthur Grant, for "pushing the visual boundaries of her art form with painterly lighting that evokes mood and sculpts movement in dance, drama, and oper".[8][9]

She has served as Professor (Adjunct) of Design at the Yale School of Drama since 1981. Tipton trained many lighting designers, including Donald Holder, Christopher Akerlind, Michael Chybowski, M.L. Geiger and Robert Wierzel. Since 2006, Tony Award winner Howell Binkley assisted her and they collaborated for many years.

A 1991 biographical article in The New York Times stated: "There are perhaps a dozen lighting designers in the country who work steadily enough to support themselves by their art, and maybe half a dozen who are acclaimed and in demand. Among these is Jennifer Tipton, characterized most often for the impeccability of her taste and a certain precision and cerebral quality to her work -- which have earned her two Tony awards, among other prizes during her 25 years in the theater."[10]

In a New York Times article, Tipton stated: "I feel that light is like music. In some abstract, emotional, noncerebral, nonliterary way, it makes us feel, it makes us see, it makes us think, all without knowing exactly how and why."[11] She talks about how probably 99.9% of the audience isn't even really aware of it. A lot of thought is put into the lighting of a show, dance, performance, etc. and almost no one really appreciates it.[11]

Tipton believes that the most important differences with designing lighting for dance and theater is that in dance, darkness is forbidden. You have to see dance to know what's going on but in theater, you just need to listen to it.[11]

Politico described Tipton as seeing light "as a potent, versatile, mysterious, art form".[12]

In 2018, she designed for To Kill a Mockingbird.

Stage work and awards (selected)

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References

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Jennifer Tipton

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Jennifer Tipton is an American lighting designer renowned for her innovative and influential work in dance, theater, and opera. Her designs, often described as the "visual music of the stage," emphasize light's role in shaping perception and enhancing performance narrative. Tipton began her career with the Paul Taylor Dance Company and has maintained a long association with it, while her lighting has been part of American Ballet Theatre's repertory since 1971. She has collaborated extensively with leading choreographers including Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, Jerome Robbins, Mikhail Baryshnikov, and Jiří Kylián, as well as theater directors and opera figures such as Robert Wilson and Peter Sellars. Notable productions featuring her designs include Jerome Robbins’ Broadway, The Cherry Orchard, and works for the Paul Taylor Dance Company, alongside operas such as Aida and Hansel and Gretel. Tipton has taught lighting design at Yale University's David Geffen School of Drama since 1981, where she is Professor Emeritus in the Practice of Design and Lighting Design Advisor at Yale Repertory Theatre. Her numerous accolades include two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, a MacArthur Fellowship in 2008, the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize in 2001, the Jerome Robbins Prize in 2003, and a United States Artists Fellowship in 2008.

Early life and education

Early years and background

Jennifer Tipton was born in 1937 in Columbus, Ohio. She is the daughter of a zoologist father who taught at universities and medical schools and a physicist mother. Her father's academic career necessitated frequent family relocations during her childhood, beginning in Columbus at Ohio State University and continuing to Detroit, Michigan; Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Birmingham, Alabama; and finally Knoxville, Tennessee. Tipton has described herself as a "university brat" due to these repeated moves tied to her father's professional positions.

Education and entry into dance

Jennifer Tipton attended Cornell University, where she initially entered in 1954 with an interest in studying astrophysics but changed her focus and graduated in 1958 with a B.A. in English. After graduation, she moved to New York City to pursue dance professionally, studying at the Martha Graham School and taking classes at the Martha Graham Studio. She performed with the Merry-Go-Rounders, a small dance company for children that presented work in schools, and also with the Lucas Hoving Company. Tipton soon took on a leadership role as assistant director and rehearsal director for the Merry-Go-Rounders. In this position, she developed an interest in stage lighting through her observations of how it influenced the visual presentation of dancers. Her engagement with lighting deepened when she enrolled in coursework at Connecticut College during the American Dance Festival with lighting designer Thomas Skelton. She later apprenticed as Skelton's assistant, an experience that sparked her shift toward lighting design as a primary career.

Professional career

Transition to lighting design

Tipton's transition from dance performance to lighting design began in the late 1950s and early 1960s as she gained practical insight into the visual elements of stage production. After moving to New York City following her 1958 graduation from Cornell University, she performed with the Merry-Go-Rounders, a small dance company that presented programs for children, and soon advanced to the role of rehearsal director. Through this position, she observed firsthand how lighting, alongside choreography, defined the appearance and atmosphere of dance performances. A course in lighting at the American Dance Festival at Connecticut College sparked her deeper interest in the field. She subsequently studied with Thomas Skelton, a prominent lighting designer for theater and dance, whose innovative techniques profoundly affected her. Tipton described the experience as overwhelming, noting that she "didn't know you could do such things with light" and calling it "a straight road" toward pursuing lighting design professionally. Tipton assisted Skelton in various capacities, including as secretary and associate, absorbing much of her technical and artistic foundation from him. She began independently lighting productions for small dance companies in the early 1960s, initially focusing on dance. Her first Broadway lighting design came in 1969 with the revival of Our Town, marking her entry into larger-scale theater work. While she established early collaborations in dance that would evolve into significant long-term relationships, these initial steps solidified her shift to a full-time career in lighting design.

Work in dance

Jennifer Tipton has made enduring contributions to dance lighting design through her collaborations with leading ballet and modern dance companies and choreographers. Her designs have been part of American Ballet Theatre's repertory since 1971, when she first lit the production A Soldier’s Tale, and have since encompassed a broad spectrum of the company's classical and contemporary works. Notable among these are Twyla Tharp's Push Comes to Shove and other pieces featuring choreography by Mikhail Baryshnikov, alongside numerous repertory ballets such as Giselle, Don Quixote, and The Nutcracker. Beyond American Ballet Theatre, Tipton has worked extensively with The Joffrey Ballet from 1966 to 1985 and has served as principal lighting designer for the Paul Taylor Dance Company since the 1960s. Her collaborations with Twyla Tharp span from 1968 to 2008, representing one of her most sustained partnerships, while she has also created designs for works by Paul Taylor, Jerome Robbins, Jiří Kylián, Dana Reitz, Dan Wagoner, Trisha Brown, and others. For her work in dance lighting, Tipton has received two Bessie Awards and a Laurence Olivier Award for lighting dance.

Work in theater

Jennifer Tipton has established herself as one of the foremost lighting designers in American theater, with extensive contributions to Broadway productions spanning more than five decades. Her work encompasses a wide range of plays and musicals, from classic revivals to new works, demonstrating her versatility in enhancing dramatic and narrative elements through lighting. She has designed lighting for numerous Broadway shows, reflecting her consistent presence in the industry across multiple eras. Tipton won the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design for her work on the 1977 Broadway production of The Cherry Orchard, directed by Andrei Serban. She received her second Tony Award in the same category for Jerome Robbins' Broadway in 1989. These achievements highlight her ability to create atmospheric and precise lighting that supports complex theatrical storytelling. Among her other notable Broadway designs is the 1988 revival of Long Day's Journey into Night, where her lighting contributed to the production's intense emotional depth. More recently, she designed the lighting for the 2018 Broadway production of To Kill a Mockingbird (which ran until 2022), earning a Tony nomination for Best Lighting Design of a Play. Her Broadway credits also include productions such as Sophisticated Ladies (1981), La Bête (1991), A Doll's House, Part 2 (2017), The Testament of Mary (2013), and Pictures From Home (2023), among many others. Tipton has also designed lighting for Off-Broadway and regional theater productions, further extending her influence in the field.

Work in opera and other media

Jennifer Tipton has designed lighting for numerous opera productions at leading companies around the world. Her contributions to opera often involve close collaborations with visionary directors, bringing distinctive visual atmospheres to the stage through her painterly approach to light. Notable examples include her work on Robert Wilson's production of Parsifal at Houston Grand Opera and Peter Sellars's production of Tannhäuser at Chicago Lyric Opera. She maintains a long association with Lyric Opera of Chicago, where she has designed lighting for eight productions since the 1988–89 season, among them multiple stagings of Il trovatore (2006–07, 2014–15, 2018–19), Elektra (2012–13, 2018–19), and The Queen of Spades (2019–20). At the Metropolitan Opera, Tipton has created lighting designs for revivals such as Il Trovatore, Roméo et Juliette, and L'Elisir d'Amore. Her opera credits also extend to international venues, including Romeo and Juliet at La Scala, La clemenza di Tito at Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, The Loser at LA Opera, and The Magic Flute at New National Theatre, Tokyo. Beyond opera, Tipton has explored lighting in other media, including art installations such as her personal project Our Days and Nights presented at the Baryshnikov Art Center.

Teaching career

Role at Yale School of Drama

Jennifer Tipton has served as an adjunct professor of design at the Yale School of Drama since 1984, where she teaches lighting design. She also holds the position of lighting design advisor at Yale Repertory Theater, a role she has maintained concurrently since 1984. As a dedicated educator over several decades, Tipton has significantly influenced generations of lighting designers through her teaching and mentorship at Yale. She is currently Professor Emeritus in the Practice of Design at the David Geffen School of Drama at Yale.

Awards and recognition

Tony Awards and nominations

Jennifer Tipton has won two Tony Awards for Best Lighting Design. Her first win came in 1977 for her lighting of The Cherry Orchard. She received her second Tony Award in 1989 for Jerome Robbins' Broadway. Tipton has received seven Tony Award nominations for Best Lighting Design in total (including the two winning years). She was nominated in 1981 for Sophisticated Ladies. Additional nominations include 1991 for La Bête, 2013 for The Testament of Mary, Best Lighting Design of a Play for A Doll's House, Part 2 in 2017, and for To Kill a Mockingbird in 2019. Her Tony honors recognize her influential contributions to lighting design in Broadway theater.

Other major honors and fellowships

Jennifer Tipton has received several prestigious fellowships and awards in recognition of her innovative lighting design across dance, theater, and opera. She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1986. She received the Commonwealth Award in Dramatic Arts in 1989. In 1991, she was honored with the Dance Magazine Award. In 2001, Tipton received the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize for her outstanding contributions to the arts, particularly her transformative use of light in performance over more than three decades. She was the inaugural recipient of the Jerome Robbins Prize in 2003, acknowledging her collaborations with Robbins and her broader impact on dance and theater lighting. In 2008, Tipton was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, a $500,000 no-strings-attached grant recognizing her as one of the most versatile lighting designers in theater, dance, and opera, whose painterly approach redefines the role of light in performance. She has also received two Bessie Awards for her lighting designs in dance.

Influence and legacy

Jennifer Tipton's innovative lighting designs have redefined the relationship between lighting and performance, establishing light as an integral artistic element rather than mere illumination in theater, dance, and opera. Her approach emphasizes subtle, sculptural uses of light to shape space, mood, and narrative, profoundly influencing how designers conceptualize and execute lighting in performance arts. Through her dedicated teaching, Tipton has influenced a generation of lighting designers, inspiring them with her dramatic imagination and commitment to pushing the visual boundaries of the stage. Her pedagogical impact extends beyond individual mentorship, contributing to the evolution of lighting design practices in both academic and professional contexts. The preservation of her work in the Jerome Robbins Dance Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, encompassing lighting designs from 1958 to 2013, underscores the enduring significance of her contributions and provides a resource for scholars and practitioners studying the development of contemporary lighting design. Tipton's legacy persists through her ongoing creative work and the continued influence of her methods on subsequent generations in dance and theater lighting.

References

  1. https://www.abt.org/wp-content/uploads/ABT-Press/PressKits/Tipton_Jennifer.pdf
  2. https://americantheatrewing.org/recipients/jennifer-tipton/
  3. https://www.unitedstatesartists.org/artists/jennifer-tipton
  4. https://www.drama.yale.edu/bios/jennifer-tipton-2/
  5. https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/11/arts/jennifer-tipton-the-theater-s-magician-of-light.html
  6. https://www.ccohr.incite.columbia.edu/s/Tipton_Jennifer_Session1_Final.pdf
  7. https://www.jpmorgan.com/gish-prize/recipients/jennifer-tipton
  8. https://archives.nypl.org/dan/22819
  9. https://www.jpmorgan.com/gish-prize/recipients/jennifer-tipton/
  10. https://wno.org.uk/profile/jennifer-tipton
  11. https://www.broadwayworld.com/washington-dc/article/Interview-Theatre-Life-with-Jennifer-Tipton-20250210
  12. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-sep-12-la-ca-jennifer-tipton-20100912-story.html
  13. https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/our-town-3304
  14. https://www.gf.org/fellows/jennifer-tipton/
  15. https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/jennifer-tipton-25927
  16. https://playbill.com/person/jennifer-tipton-vault-0000022243
  17. https://www.tonyawards.com/winners/year/1977/category/any/show/any/
  18. https://www.tonyawards.com/winners/year/1989/category/any/show/any/
  19. https://playbill.com/production/long-days-journey-into-night-neil-simon-theatre-vault-0000000865
  20. https://www.lyricopera.org/about/company/artists-musicians/jennifer-tipton/
  21. https://www.metopera.org/about/press-releases/verdis-il-trovatore-returns-to-the-met-on--october-26-with-all-star-cast/
  22. https://www.metopera.org/season/in-cinemas/2023-24-season/romeo-et-juliette/
  23. https://www.alleytheatre.org/support-us/openingseasondinner/jennifer-tipton-2/
  24. https://www.broadwayworld.com/tonyawardspersoninfo.php?nomname=Jennifer%20Tipton
  25. https://www.tonyawards.com/press/2019-tony-award-nominations/
  26. https://www.tonyawards.com/shows/kill-mockingbird/
  27. http://sightlines.usitt.org/archive/v48/n11/stories/TiptonHonored.html
  28. https://jeromerobbins.org/home-foundation/the-jerome-robbins-award/
  29. https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-2008/jennifer-tipton
  30. https://variety.com/2008/legit/news/macarthur-org-honor-tipton-1117992687/
  31. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/11/arts/dance/jennifer-tipton-our-days-and-night.html
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