Recent from talks
Nothing was collected or created yet.
Jerry Adler
View on Wikipedia
Jerry Adler (February 4, 1929 – August 23, 2025) was an American actor, theatrical producer, and director. He was known for his films Manhattan Murder Mystery, The Public Eye, In Her Shoes, and Prime, and for his television work as Herman "Hesh" Rabkin on The Sopranos, Howard Lyman on The Good Wife and The Good Fight, building maintenance man Mr. Wicker on Mad About You, Bob Saget's father Sam Stewart on Raising Dad, Fire Chief Sidney Feinberg on Rescue Me, Moshe Pfefferman on Transparent, Saul Horowitz on Broad City, and Hillston on Living with Yourself with Paul Rudd.
Key Information
Early life
[edit]Adler was born in Brooklyn, New York on February 4, 1929,[1][2][3] to Jewish parents Philip Adler (1905–1990) and Pauline "Polly" Goldberg (1906–2000).[4] His father was a theater manager for dozens of Broadway and touring shows from the 1930s to the 1960s. He was general manager of the Group Theatre collective in New York and managed productions for Herman Levin and Alexander H. Cohen.[5][6] Adler's great-uncle was Yiddish theater actor Jacob Pavlovich Adler, whose children Stella and Luther Adler were his cousins.[7][8] He was raised in a Yiddish-speaking,[8] observant Jewish household.[9] Adler attended Samuel J. Tilden High School where he was president of the Dramatic Club,[10] and Syracuse University.[11]
Career
[edit]Influenced by his family,[12][13][14] Adler began his theatre career as a stage manager in 1950, working on such productions as Of Thee I Sing and My Fair Lady before becoming a production supervisor for The Apple Tree, Black Comedy/White Lies, Dear World, Coco, 6 Rms Riv Vu, Annie, and I Remember Mama, among others. He made his directing debut with the 1974 Sammy Cahn revue Words and Music and also directed the 1976 revival of My Fair Lady, which garnered him a Drama Desk Award nomination, and the ill-fated 1981 musical The Little Prince and the Aviator. He also directed the 1976 play Checking Out. Other credits include Drat! The Cat!; a 1976 revival of Hellzapoppin starring Jerry Lewis; and Richard Rodgers' final musical, I Remember Mama.[15] In addition to theater productions, he also worked on television.[16]
Adler's first acting role was in 1991 in the television series Brooklyn Bridge.[8] The following year, he appeared in the film The Public Eye.[8] He began to receive several acting roles,[8] including a role in the television series Northern Exposure as Alan Schulman, Joel Fleischman's old neighborhood rabbi seen in visions.[14] David Chase, who worked as a screenwriter on the series, later created the drama series The Sopranos, in which he asked Adler to play Herman "Hesh" Rabkin,[17] an associate of the DiMeo crime family.[2] Adler played the role from 1999 to 2007,[18] and is perhaps best known for it.[17] He was also noted for his role as lawyer Howard Lyman on both The Good Wife[2] and its spin-off series The Good Fight.[19]
He also played Mr. Wicker on Mad About You, Bob Saget's character's father Sam Stewart on Raising Dad, and Lt. Al Teischler on Hudson Street.[14] In addition, Adler appeared in an episode of The West Wing as Toby Ziegler's father, Jules Ziegler.[20] Adler also appeared as the new chief Sidney Feinberg in the fourth season of FX's firefighter drama Rescue Me.[14] He guest-starred as Eddie's father Al in season three and season four of 'Til Death. From 2017 to 2019, Adler played Moshe Pfefferman, the father of Jeffrey Tambor's character, on the Amazon series Transparent.[21] In 2019, he portrayed Saul Horowitz on Broad City[22] and Hillston on Living with Yourself with Paul Rudd.[23]
His film screen credits include Manhattan Murder Mystery, In Her Shoes and Prime. In 2014, he starred as Joseph Mendelsohn in A Most Violent Year opposite Jessica Chastain and Oscar Isaac.[20][24]
He first appeared on stage in 2000.[17] He also acted in Larry David's Broadway play Fish in the Dark.[25]
In 2024, Adler published a memoir titled Too Funny for Words: Backstage Tales from Broadway, Television and the Movies.[12]
Death
[edit]Filmography
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2025) |
Film
[edit]| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | The Public Eye | Arthur Nabler | |
| 1993 | Manhattan Murder Mystery | Paul House | |
| 1995 | For Better or Worse | Morton Makeshift | |
| 1996 | Getting Away with Murder | Judge | |
| 1996 | Larger than Life | Event Coordinator | |
| 1997 | Six Ways to Sunday | Louis Varga | |
| 1999 | 30 Days | Rick Trainer | |
| 2005 | In Her Shoes | Lewis Feldman | |
| 2005 | Prime | Sam | |
| 2006 | Find Me Guilty | Rizzo | |
| 2007 | The Memory Thief | Mr. Zweig | |
| 2008 | Synecdoche, New York | Caden's father | |
| 2014 | The Angriest Man in Brooklyn | Cooper | |
| 2014 | A Most Violent Year | Joseph Mendelsohn | |
| 2019 | Fair Market Value | Victor Rosen | |
| 2019 | Driveways | Rodger |
Television
[edit]| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Brooklyn Bridge | Bert Mendel | Episode: "Old Fools" |
| 1992 | True Colors | Mr. Green | 2 episodes |
| 1992 | Quantum Leap | Lenny Greenman | Episode: "It's a Wonderful Leap - May 10, 1958" |
| 1993–1999, 2019 |
Mad About You | Sgt. Panino / Mr. Wicker | 12 episodes |
| 1993 | The Odd Couple Together Again | Murray | TV movie |
| 1994–1995 | Northern Exposure | Rabbi Alan Schulman | 3 episodes |
| 1995 | New York Undercover | Mr. Ross | Episode: "All in the Family" |
| 1995 | One Life to Live | Len Hanen | 3 episodes |
| 1995–1996 | Hudson Street | Lt. Al Teischler | 22 episodes |
| 1996 | Law & Order | Judge Nathan Marks | Episode: "I.D." |
| 1996 | Spin City | Police Commissioner | Episode: "Dog Day Afternoon" |
| 1997–1998 | Alright Already | Al Lerner | 21 episodes |
| 1999–2007 | The Sopranos | Herman "Hesh" Rabkin | 28 episodes |
| 1999 | LateLine | Judge Fischbein | Episode: "Protecting the Source" |
| 1999 | Tracey Takes On... | Murray | Episode: "Lies" |
| 1999 | Aftershock: Earthquake in New York | Burt Hornstein | 2 episodes |
| 2000 | Wonderland | Perlman | Episode: "Spell Check" |
| 2000 | Bull | Max Decker | 2 episodes |
| 2001–2002 | Raising Dad | Sam Stewart | 22 episodes |
| 2002 | The West Wing | Jules Ziegler | Episode: "Holy Night" |
| 2005 | CSI: Miami | Cardinal Benedetti | Episode: "From the Grave" |
| 2006 | The War at Home | Jerry | Episode: "The West Palm Beach Story" |
| 2007–2011 | Rescue Me | Sidney Feinberg | 34 episodes |
| 2008–2009 | 'Til Death | Al Stark / Eddie's Father | 3 episodes |
| 2010 | Detroit 1-8-7 | Max Elkin | Episode: "Déjà Vu/All In" |
| 2011 | Curb Your Enthusiasm | Minyan Member #1 | Episode: "Mister Softee" |
| 2011–2016 | The Good Wife | Howard Lyman | Recurring role; 30 episodes |
| 2013 | Remember Sunday | Sam | TV movie |
| 2014 | Mozart in the Jungle | Lazlo | 2 episodes |
| 2017–2018 | The Good Fight | Howard Lyman | 2 episodes |
| 2017–2019 | Transparent | Moshe Pfefferman | 9 episodes |
| 2019 | Broad City | Saul Horowitz | Episode: "Lost and Found" |
| 2019 | Living with Yourself | Hillston | Episode: "Green Tea" |
References
[edit]- ^ Rose, Mike (February 4, 2023). "Today's famous birthdays list for February 4, 2023 includes celebrities Alice Cooper, Natalie Imbruglia". Cleveland.com. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
- ^ a b c d Watkins, Ali (August 24, 2025). "Jerry Adler, Actor in 'The Sopranos,' Dies at 96". The New York Times. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ a b Galvin, Shane (August 24, 2025). "Jerry Adler, 'The Sopranos' actor and NY native, dead at 96". New York Post. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ "Marriage Licenses". Brooklyn Times-Union. Brooklyn, New York. March 16, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
- ^ "Veteran Theater Manager Dead at 84". The Star Press. Muncie, Indiana. Associated Press. January 29, 1990. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
- ^ "Jerry Adler Biography (1929-)". Film Reference.
- ^ "Jerry Adler Is In Transitions -- And 'Transparent'". Showriz. August 28, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Mindell, Cindy (June 4, 2014). "The Sunshine Boys lights up Connecticut stage…with two veteran Jewish actors". Jewish Ledger. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
- ^ Schleier, Curt (April 14, 2006). "Hollywood veteran keeping busy as Jewish 'Sopranos' mobster". j. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
- ^ Funke, Lewis (June 6, 1971). "News of the Rialto". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ^ "'Sopranos' star Jerry Adler, Broadway backstage vet turned late-in-life actor, dies at 96". ABC News. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ a b Rizzo, Frank. "At 95, Jerry Adler of 'The Sopranos' shares stories of life on Broadway with Katharine Hepburn, Julie Andrews in new memoir". CT Insider. Archived from the original on June 30, 2025. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ "The Sunshine Boys lights up Connecticut stage…with two veteran Jewish actors – Jewish Ledger". jewishledger.com. May 22, 2025. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ a b c d Barnes, Mike (August 23, 2025). "Jerry Adler, Actor on The Sopranos, The Good Wife and Rescue Me, Dies at 96". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ Rizzo, Frank (August 26, 2017). "Actor Jerry Adler, 88, makes another transition". Connecticut Post. Archived from the original on May 21, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ "Adler, Jerry 1929–". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ a b c Schleier, Curt (March 25, 2015). "How Jerry Adler Became Hollywood's Go-To Jew". The Forward. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ "Hesh Rabkin". TVmaze. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ a b Walcott, Escher (August 24, 2025). "'Iconic' Actor Jerry Adler, Star of 'The Sopranos' and 'The Good Wife,' Dies at 96". People.com. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ a b Oganesyan, Natalie (August 23, 2025). "Jerry Adler Dies: 'The Sopranos' & 'The Good Wife' Actor Was 96". Deadline. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ Nicolaou, Elena (September 27, 2019). "How Transparent TV Show Ends, Finale Explained". Refinery29. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ Singer, Jenny (March 4, 2019). "'Broad City' Had Holocaust Survivor Vape, Watch Drag". The Forward. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ Zaltzman, Lior (October 30, 2019). "Paul Rudd's New Netflix Show Has an Icky Holocaust Scene". Kveller. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ Jones, Benidamika (August 24, 2025). "When did Jerry Adler make his directing debut? Filmography and career highlights explored". SoapCentral. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
- ^ "From Julie Andrews to Larry David: The Illustrious Career of Fish in the Dark's Jerry Adler". TheaterMania. March 25, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
External links
[edit]- Jerry Adler at the Internet Broadway Database
- Jerry Adler at IMDb
- Jerry Adler discography at Discogs
Jerry Adler
View on GrokipediaEarly life and education
Family background
Jerome Elliott Adler (known professionally as Jerry) was born on February 4, 1929, in Brooklyn, New York City, to Jewish parents Philip Adler, a prominent theater manager, and Pauline "Polly" Goldberg.[7][2] Philip Adler served as a general manager for the legendary Group Theatre in the 1930s and for numerous Broadway productions, immersing the family in the world of live performance from an early age.[8][9] The Adler family had deep roots in the Yiddish theater tradition, with Jerry's great-uncle, Jacob Pavlovich Adler, being a renowned actor and star of the Yiddish stage in Odessa, London, and New York City's Yiddish Theater District during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[2][10] Jacob Adler's influence extended through the family, as his children included acclaimed acting coach Stella Adler and actor Luther Adler, both of whom were Jerry's cousins.[8] This theatrical lineage provided a foundational connection to the performing arts, shaping the household's cultural environment. Raised in an observant, Yiddish-speaking Jewish household in Brooklyn, Adler experienced early and constant exposure to the performing arts through his father's professional activities, including backstage visits to theaters and interactions with actors and producers.[9][7] This environment fostered an innate familiarity with stagecraft and performance, distinct from formal training, and contributed to his lifelong affinity for theater.[2]Education and early influences
Adler attended Samuel J. Tilden High School in Brooklyn, New York, where he served as president of the Dramatic Club, an experience that ignited his passion for theater and stage activities.[11] Following high school graduation, he enrolled at Syracuse University, where he began studying drama and theater-related subjects before leaving in 1950 to pursue professional opportunities in the field.[2][1] During his youth in a Jewish household in Brooklyn, Adler drew early inspirations from observing Broadway shows, including his first theater experience with the controversial production of Tobacco Road, as well as the vibrant traditions of Yiddish theater that permeated New York City's cultural scene.[12][13] These encounters, combined with his high school involvement, directed him toward aspirations in stage work and laid the foundation for his lifelong commitment to the performing arts.Theater career
Stage management and production
Jerry Adler entered the theater industry in the early 1950s as a stage manager, beginning his career with replacement duties on the long-running musical Gentlemen Prefer Blondes in 1949 and quickly advancing to full stage manager roles on Broadway productions.[4] Over the course of four decades, he contributed to more than 50 Broadway shows in this capacity, overseeing the intricate daily operations that kept performances running seamlessly amid the demands of live theater.[1] His work exemplified the critical behind-the-scenes role of a stage manager, coordinating cues, managing crew schedules, and troubleshooting technical issues to maintain the integrity of each production from opening night through extended runs.[14] Among Adler's notable stage management credits were the 1951 comedy Seventeen, where he handled the fast-paced ensemble dynamics of a youthful cast, and the 1952 revival of the Pulitzer Prize-winning musical Of Thee I Sing, ensuring the satirical political humor landed precisely under directors George S. Kaufman and Sam Harris.[15] He later served as stage manager for the 1956 premiere of My Fair Lady, the Lerner and Loewe blockbuster that ran for 2,717 performances, where Adler's logistical oversight was instrumental in sustaining its elaborate sets, costumes, and orchestral elements over six years.[16] These assignments highlighted his ability to adapt to diverse genres, from musical spectacles to gritty dramas, while prioritizing actor safety and audience experience.[17] As his career progressed, Adler expanded into production supervision, taking on responsibilities for budgeting, vendor coordination, and overall show logistics on landmark productions such as The Apple Tree (1966), a revue-style musical starring Barbara Harris, and Coco (1969), the Katherine Hepburn-led tribute to Coco Chanel, both of which demanded meticulous resource management to support innovative staging and star-driven narratives.[4] He also supervised the 1977 musical Annie, overseeing the high-energy ensemble and touring logistics that contributed to its record-breaking 2,377 Broadway performances and global success.[14] In these roles, Adler's expertise ensured operational efficiency, allowing creative teams to focus on artistic vision while he handled the practical challenges of long-haul Broadway sustainability.[2]Directing and notable productions
Adler transitioned from stage management to directing in the early 1970s, leveraging his extensive backstage experience to helm several Broadway productions. His Broadway directing debut came in 1972 with Fun City, a comedy written by Les Colodny, Joan Rivers, and Edgar Rosenberg that opened at the Morosco Theatre but closed after just one week.[18] One of Adler's early successes as a director was the 1973 Broadway production of Good Evening, a sketch comedy revue featuring Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. The show premiered at the Plymouth Theatre (later renamed the Gerald Schoenfeld) on November 14, 1973, and ran for 438 performances, showcasing the duo's satirical humor through musical and comedic sketches. Good Evening earned a special Tony Award in 1974, recognizing the performers' contributions, with Adler's direction praised for its tight pacing and effective integration of film sequences directed by Joe McGrath.[19][20][21] In 1976, Adler directed the Broadway revival of My Fair Lady at the St. James Theatre, a fresh take on the Lerner and Loewe classic that starred Ian Richardson as Henry Higgins and Christine Andreas as Eliza Doolittle. The production, which ran for 384 performances, emphasized the musical's witty dialogue and memorable songs while updating the staging for contemporary audiences. For his work, Adler received a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Director of a Musical.[22][23] Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Adler continued directing a variety of Broadway shows, including the revue Words and Music (1974), featuring Sammy Cahn; the short-lived thriller We Interrupt This Program... (1975); Checking Out (1976); and California Suite (1978). His later Broadway efforts included Play Me a Country Song (1982), a musical that closed after one performance. Adler also contributed to regional theater, directing productions such as Annie at the Westbury Music Fair in 1983.[4][24]Acting career
Transition to acting
After decades in theater production and direction, Jerry Adler decided to pursue acting in his early 60s around 1990, motivated by a desire for new challenges amid what he described as the "twilight of a mediocre career."[21] Having relocated to California to stage-manage soap operas and be closer to his children, Adler found himself at a career crossroads, contemplating retirement but open to fresh opportunities in the industry.[21] This pivot marked a significant shift from his extensive behind-the-scenes work on over 50 Broadway productions to stepping into the spotlight as a performer.[12] Adler's entry into acting began serendipitously through a connection with casting director Donna Isaacson, who had worked with him in theater and suggested he audition for a role in the 1992 film The Public Eye after struggling to cast a gruff newspaper columnist.[21] Curious about the audition experience from an actor's perspective—having conducted countless ones himself—Adler agreed and read just three lines, securing the part of Arthur Nabler over 40 established actors despite having no professional acting experience since college.[21] His screen debut, however, came slightly earlier in 1991 with a guest role on the CBS series Brooklyn Bridge at age 62.[25] This was followed by early television appearances in the early 1990s, including episodes of Mad About You, which helped build his on-screen presence.[5] The transition presented notable challenges as Adler adjusted from orchestrating productions to embodying characters under scrutiny. Unfamiliar with the competitive audition circuit, he relied initially on personal networks rather than formal training, and the vulnerability of performing—contrasting his accustomed control backstage—required significant adaptation.[21] Following his breakthrough in The Public Eye, Isaacson became his agent at the Paradigm Agency, facilitating further opportunities and smoothing his entry into representation in Hollywood.[26] This support was crucial in navigating the industry's demands during his late-career shift.[12]Notable roles and contributions
Adler gained widespread recognition for his portrayal of Herman "Hesh" Rabkin on the HBO series The Sopranos (1999–2007), where he depicted a shrewd Jewish music producer and loan shark serving as an advisor to Tony Soprano, drawing on his long-standing ties to the crime family from Tony's father.[1] His performance across 28 episodes highlighted Hesh's blend of cultural insight and moral ambiguity, contributing to the show's exploration of ethnic dynamics within organized crime.[27] In the CBS legal drama The Good Wife (2011–2016), Adler played Howard Lyman, a recurring character as a bombastic, conservative law firm partner whose outdated views often clashed with the evolving workplace, appearing in 30 episodes across six seasons.[5] This role showcased his ability to infuse humor and authority into ensemble casts, enhancing the series' satirical take on professional politics.[28] Adler also delivered memorable supporting performances in other projects, including the handyman Mr. Wicker on the NBC sitcom Mad About You during the 1990s and its 2019 revival, FDNY Deputy Chief Sidney Feinberg on FX's Rescue Me (2007–2011), Rabbi Alan Schulman on CBS's Northern Exposure (1995), and a suspicious neighbor in Woody Allen's 1993 film Manhattan Murder Mystery.[3][2] These roles often typecast him as wise, authoritative older figures, leveraging his gravelly voice and expressive demeanor to add depth to ensemble narratives. He also recurred as Moshe Pfefferman, the patriarch of the Pfefferman family, in Amazon's Transparent (2017–2019).[5] Throughout his acting career, Adler excelled in character roles that bridged theater and screen, bringing an authentic, lived-in quality derived from decades in Broadway production to his performances, earning praise from peers for his versatility in portraying complex, multifaceted elders.[17] His late-career pivot to acting in his 60s exemplified a distinctive contribution to television and film, where he humanized archetypes with subtle emotional layers, influencing portrayals of aging authority figures in prestige drama.[14]Filmography
Film
Jerry Adler made his film debut in 1992 and appeared in more than 15 feature films over the next two decades, often in supporting roles as authoritative or eccentric characters. His credits include a mix of independent dramas, comedies, and mainstream productions. The following is a chronological list of his feature film appearances, with character names where applicable.[6]| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | The Public Eye | Arthur Nabler |
| 1993 | Manhattan Murder Mystery | Paul House |
| 1995 | For Better or Worse | Morton Makeshift |
| 1996 | Getting Away with Murder | Judge |
| 1996 | Larger than Life | Gus |
| 1997 | Six Ways to Sunday | Harry |
| 1998 | The Odd Couple II | Abe |
| 1999 | In Dreams | Dr. Ben Myers |
| 1999 | The Out-of-Towners | Mr. Bueller |
| 1999 | The Big Kahuna | Phil Cooper |
| 1999 | 30 Days | Rick Trainer |
| 2000 | The Independent | Morty Fineman |
| 2002 | Auto Focus | Lenny |
| 2002 | The Red Sneakers | Mr. Green |
| 2005 | The Longest Yard | Coach Rex Crandall |
| 2005 | Prime | Sam |
| 2005 | In Her Shoes | Lewis Feldman |
| 2007 | The Memory Thief | Mr. Zweig |
| 2007 | Goodbye Baby | Perlman |
| 2008 | Synecdoche, New York | Mr. Pappas |
| 2010 | Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps | Sean Coffin |
| 2014 | A Most Violent Year | Joseph Mendelsohn |
| 2019 | Driveways | Bob |
Television
Jerry Adler's television career spanned from the early 1990s to the early 2020s, encompassing over 28 series with a mix of guest appearances, recurring roles, and multi-episode arcs. His credits often featured him in authoritative or paternal figures, drawing on his theater background for nuanced performances.[6] Key television appearances include:- Brooklyn Bridge (1991, 1 episode as Uncle Sidney)[6]
- Quantum Leap (1992, 1 episode as Lenny Greenman)[6]
- Mad About You (1993–1999, 7 episodes as Mr. Wicker / Sgt. Panino; also 1 episode in 2019)[6]
- Northern Exposure (1994–1995, 3 episodes as Rabbi Alan Schulman)[6]
- Hudson Street (1995, 2 episodes as Lt. Al Teischler)[6]
- Alright Already (1997–1998, 2 episodes as Al Lerner)[6]
- The Sopranos (1999–2007, 23 episodes as Hesh Rabkin)[6]
- Law & Order (2000, 1 episode as Judge Myron Okerbee; additional guest spots in the 1990s and 2000s)[6]
- The West Wing (2002, 1 episode as Rabbi Glassman)[6]
- NYPD Blue (2004, 1 episode as Saul)[6]
- The Practice (2003, 1 episode as Judge Robert B. Quinn)[6]
- Rescue Me (2004–2011, 13 episodes as Sidney Grossman)[6]
- 30 Rock (2006, 1 episode as Judge)[6]
- Drive (2007, 1 episode as Frank Turlock)[6]
- Damages (2009, 1 episode as Holston)[6]
- The Good Wife (2010–2016, 17 episodes as Howard Lyman)[6]
- Blue Bloods (2012, 1 episode as Mr. Kaplan)[6]
- Prime Suspect (2011, 1 episode as Old Man)[6]
- Unforgettable (2012, 1 episode as Lou)[6]
- The Good Fight (2017–2021, 3 episodes as Howard Lyman)[6]

