Jihad verse

In the Quran, the concept of jihad is addressed in various verses. These verses have been a subject of debate among Islamic scholars. This term generally means "striving in the way of Allah" and encompasses both internal (struggle with nafs) and external (defense or tabligh struggle) dimensions. A person who has dedicated their life to jihad is called a mujahid (pl. mujahideen).^{[citation needed]}

Jihad verses are concentrated in surahs revealed during the Medinan period, such as Al-Baqarah, Al Imran, An-Nisa, At-Tawbah, and Al-Anfal, which regulate matters including warfare, peace, the treatment of captives, the distribution of spoils, and Muslims' stance toward adversaries. These verses are historically contextualized within the post-Hijrah defensive necessities from Mecca to Medina, as well as events like the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya and the battles of Badr, Uhud, and the Trench.^{[citation needed]}

But once the sacred months have passed, kill the all non-Muslims (kafir) who violated their treaties wherever you find them, capture them, besiege them, and lie in wait for them on every way. But if they repent, perform prayers, and pay alms-tax, then set them free. Indeed, Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

— Surah At-Tawbah 9:5

And fight in the cause of Allah against those who fight you, but do not transgress, Allah does not like the aggressors.

— 2:190

Fighting has been made obligatory upon you believers, though you dislike it. Perhaps you dislike something which is good for you and like something which is bad for you. Allah knows and you do not know.

— 2:216