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John Bagot Glubb
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John Bagot Glubb
Sir John Bagot Glubb KCB CMG DSO OBE MC KStJ KPM (16 April 1897 – 17 March 1986), also known as Glubb Pasha (Arabic: كلوب باشا and Abu Hunaik (by the Jordanians), was a British military officer who led and trained Transjordan's Arab Legion between 1939 and 1956 as its commanding general. He served in World War I, the Ikhwan revolt, World War II and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Glubb was born in Preston, Lancashire, and educated at Cheltenham College. Glubb's father was Major-General Sir Frederic Manley Glubb, of Lancashire, who had been chief engineer in the British Second Army during the First World War. His mother was Letitia Bagot from County Roscommon. He was a brother of the racing driver Gwenda Hawkes.
Glubb gained a commission in the Royal Engineers in 1915. On the Western Front of World War I, he suffered a shattered jaw. In later years, this would lead to his Arab nickname of Abu Hunaik, meaning "the father of the little jaw". In 1920, he was transferred to Iraq, which Britain had started governing under a League of Nations Mandate following the war. In 1922, he was posted to Ramadi "to maintain a rickety floating bridge over the river Euphrates, carried on boats made of reeds daubed with bitumen", as he later put it.
He became an officer of the Arab Legion, subsequently known as the Jordanian Armed Forces, in 1930. In 1931, he formed the Desert Patrol – a force consisting exclusively of Bedouin – to curb the raiding problem that plagued the southern part of Jordan. Within a few years he had persuaded the Bedouin to abandon their habit of raiding neighbouring tribes. He also took part in suppressing the Ikhwan revolt.[citation needed]
In 1939, Glubb succeeded Frederick G. Peake as the commander of the Arab Legion. During this period, he transformed the Legion into the best-trained force in the Arab world. During World War II he led attacks on Axis-aligned Arab forces in Iraq, and on Vichy forces in Lebanon and Syria.
In 1938, Glubb married Muriel Rosemary Forbes, the daughter of physician James Graham Forbes. The couple had a son, Godfrey Peter Manley (known as Faris Glubb), named after the Crusader King Godfrey of Bouillon, born in Jerusalem in 1939. Another son was born in May 1940 but lived only a few days. In 1944, they adopted Naomi, a Bedouin girl who was then three months old. In 1948, they adopted two Palestinian refugee children called Atalla, renamed John and Mary.[citation needed]
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Arab Legion was considered the strongest Arab army involved in the war. In May 1948, Glubb led the Arab Legion across the River Jordan to occupy the West Bank. Despite some negotiation and understanding between the Jewish Agency and King Abdullah, severe fighting took place in Kfar Etzion (May 1948), Jerusalem and Latrun (May–July 1948). According to Avi Shlaim,
Rumours that Abdullah was once again in contact with the Jewish leaders further damaged his standing in the Arab world. His many critics suggested that he was prepared to compromise the Arab claim to the whole of Palestine as long as he could acquire part of Palestine for himself. 'The internecine struggles of the Arabs,' reported Glubb, 'are more in the minds of Arab politicians than the struggle against the Jews. Azzam Pasha, the mufti and the Syrian government would sooner see the Jews get the whole of Palestine than that King Abdullah should benefit.'
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John Bagot Glubb
Sir John Bagot Glubb KCB CMG DSO OBE MC KStJ KPM (16 April 1897 – 17 March 1986), also known as Glubb Pasha (Arabic: كلوب باشا and Abu Hunaik (by the Jordanians), was a British military officer who led and trained Transjordan's Arab Legion between 1939 and 1956 as its commanding general. He served in World War I, the Ikhwan revolt, World War II and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Glubb was born in Preston, Lancashire, and educated at Cheltenham College. Glubb's father was Major-General Sir Frederic Manley Glubb, of Lancashire, who had been chief engineer in the British Second Army during the First World War. His mother was Letitia Bagot from County Roscommon. He was a brother of the racing driver Gwenda Hawkes.
Glubb gained a commission in the Royal Engineers in 1915. On the Western Front of World War I, he suffered a shattered jaw. In later years, this would lead to his Arab nickname of Abu Hunaik, meaning "the father of the little jaw". In 1920, he was transferred to Iraq, which Britain had started governing under a League of Nations Mandate following the war. In 1922, he was posted to Ramadi "to maintain a rickety floating bridge over the river Euphrates, carried on boats made of reeds daubed with bitumen", as he later put it.
He became an officer of the Arab Legion, subsequently known as the Jordanian Armed Forces, in 1930. In 1931, he formed the Desert Patrol – a force consisting exclusively of Bedouin – to curb the raiding problem that plagued the southern part of Jordan. Within a few years he had persuaded the Bedouin to abandon their habit of raiding neighbouring tribes. He also took part in suppressing the Ikhwan revolt.[citation needed]
In 1939, Glubb succeeded Frederick G. Peake as the commander of the Arab Legion. During this period, he transformed the Legion into the best-trained force in the Arab world. During World War II he led attacks on Axis-aligned Arab forces in Iraq, and on Vichy forces in Lebanon and Syria.
In 1938, Glubb married Muriel Rosemary Forbes, the daughter of physician James Graham Forbes. The couple had a son, Godfrey Peter Manley (known as Faris Glubb), named after the Crusader King Godfrey of Bouillon, born in Jerusalem in 1939. Another son was born in May 1940 but lived only a few days. In 1944, they adopted Naomi, a Bedouin girl who was then three months old. In 1948, they adopted two Palestinian refugee children called Atalla, renamed John and Mary.[citation needed]
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Arab Legion was considered the strongest Arab army involved in the war. In May 1948, Glubb led the Arab Legion across the River Jordan to occupy the West Bank. Despite some negotiation and understanding between the Jewish Agency and King Abdullah, severe fighting took place in Kfar Etzion (May 1948), Jerusalem and Latrun (May–July 1948). According to Avi Shlaim,
Rumours that Abdullah was once again in contact with the Jewish leaders further damaged his standing in the Arab world. His many critics suggested that he was prepared to compromise the Arab claim to the whole of Palestine as long as he could acquire part of Palestine for himself. 'The internecine struggles of the Arabs,' reported Glubb, 'are more in the minds of Arab politicians than the struggle against the Jews. Azzam Pasha, the mufti and the Syrian government would sooner see the Jews get the whole of Palestine than that King Abdullah should benefit.'
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