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Joint Entrance Examination

The Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) is an engineering entrance assessment conducted for admission to various engineering colleges in India. It comprises two different examinations: the JEE-Main and the JEE-Advanced.

The Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA) conducts the joint admission process for a total of 23 Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), 31 National Institutes of Technology (NITs), 25 Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) campuses and other Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTIs) based on the rank obtained by a student in JEE-Main or JEE-Advanced, depending on the engineering college.

There are some institutes, such as the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs), the Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (RGIPT), the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), which use the score obtained in the JEE-Advanced examination as the basis for admission, but are not a part of the Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA) counselling process. Any student who takes admission to an Indian Institute of Technology cannot appear for the JEE-Advanced examination again. Still, the same is not the case with NIT, IISc, IISERs, RGIPT, IIPE, and IIST.

JEE-Main is conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA). JEE Main has two papers: Paper I and Paper II. Candidates may sit in either or both. Both papers contain multiple choice questions. Paper-I is for admission to B.E./B.Tech courses and is conducted in a Computer-Based Test mode. Paper-II is for admission in B.Arch and B.Planning courses and is also conducted in Computer-Based Test mode except for one paper, the 'Drawing Test', which is conducted in Pen and Paper mode or offline mode. From January 2020 onwards, an additional Paper-III was introduced for B.Planning courses separately.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, JEE-Main 2021 saw changes in the paper format and the number of attempts. There were 20 single-choice questions and 10 numerical questions, out of which only five numerical questions were to be attempted. The examination employed the standard marking scheme used in previous iterations. Single-Correct Questions (SCQs) awarded four marks for each correct response, deducted one mark for each incorrect response, and granted zero marks for questions left unanswered. Numerical-answer questions followed the same marking scheme, with four marks awarded for a correct answer and a deduction of one mark for an incorrect answer. However, JEE-Main returned to the pre-pandemic format in 2025.

JEE-Main, unlike JEE-Advanced, has a fixed exam structure and is not subject to change every year. Until 2018, the JEE-Main Paper-I was three hours long and consisted of 30 questions in each of the three subjects (physics, chemistry, and maths). Four marks are awarded for correct answers, and one mark is deducted for incorrect answers. Students taking this exam are usually between 17 and 19 years old.

NTA introduced a new pattern of 25 questions per subject in January 2020, comprising 20 single-choice and five numerical-type questions. In both single-choice and numerical-type questions, four marks are awarded for correct answers and one mark is deducted for wrong answers. If the question is left unattempted, then no marks are awarded or deducted.

From 2013 to 2016, the marks obtained in the class XII school board examinations were accorded a 40% weightage in determining the JEE-Main all-India ranks.

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