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Juneteenth flag
UseCommemorating the Juneteenth holiday
Proportion2:3
Adopted
  • Designed 1997
  • Revised 2000
  • Adopted 2000
  • Date added 2007
DesignUpper half is blue and lower half is red. Colors are divided by a horizontal arch. In the center is a white star which is outlined.
Designed by
  • Original designer Ben Haith
  • Revised by Lisa Jeanne Graf

The Juneteenth flag is a symbol for the Juneteenth holiday in the United States. The first version was created in 1997 by activist Ben Haith and that early version was displayed in 1997. The present version was first flown in 2000. The colors and symbols on the flag are representative of freedom and the end of slavery. The date on the flag represents that of General Order No. 3 issued in Galveston, Texas on June 19, 1865. Beginning in 2020, many states began recognizing Juneteenth by flying the flag over their state capitol buildings, especially after Juneteenth was declared a federal holiday by President Joe Biden the following year.

Design

[edit]

The Juneteenth flag was designed in 1997 by activist Ben Haith (also known as "Boston Ben").[1] Haith displayed the first version of the Juneteenth flag in June 1997 at Boston's John Eliot Square District. It was described by Patricia Smith of the Boston Globe as, "A banner adorned with sunbursts and flaming candles".[2] A revised design was copyrighted by Haith in 2000.[3] Haith also founded the National Juneteenth Celebration Foundation (NJCF).[4] Lisa Jeanne Graf reports that as an illustrator she fine-tuned the design for the NJCF.[5]

The flag uses the colors red, white and blue of the American flag. Featured prominently in the center of the flag is a bursting star.[6] Running through the center of the flag horizontally, is an arc that is meant to symbolize the new horizon of opportunity for black people.[4] According to the president of the National Juneteenth Observance Foundation Steve Williams, the star is a "Bursting star of freedom." Williams also states that the arch representing the horizon shows blue above and the red color below is symbolic of the ground soaked with blood; the blood which was shed of the Black Americans enslaved by the United States.[7] The red, white, and blue colors were meant to convey the message that all enslaved people in the United States -- as well as their descendants -- are American.[4] In 2007, the date "June 19, 1865" was added.[6]

Symbolism

[edit]

The five-pointed star refers both to Texas (nicknamed the "Lone Star state") and to the "freedom of African Americans in all 50 states". Surrounding it is a 12-ray nova (or "new star") representing a new beginning for all.[8]

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, declared that all slaves in the rebel Confederate States were free.[9] The State of Texas rejoined the Union with the end of the Civil War on April 9, 1865. On June 19, 1865, Union General Gordon Granger arrived at the port of Galveston, Texas and announced that slavery had been ended with General Order No. 3. The Juneteenth Flag has the date of June 19, 1865 displayed on it.

One year later freed slaves in Texas celebrated the first Juneteenth on June 19, and it was called "Jubilee Day".[10]

Variation

[edit]

In May 2025 the Salt Lake City, Utah city council approved mayor Erin Mendenhall's designs for three new city flags, one being the Sego Celebration Flag, based on the Juneteenth flag.[11] It is identical to the Juneteenth flag, except for the addition of a sego lily in the canton.[12] The Sego Celebration Flag was adopted in response to a new state law restricting the flying of the Juneteenth flag and some other flags.[13]

History

[edit]

The flag was first flown in 2000, at Boston's Roxbury Heritage State Park.[10] Ben Haith initiated the Boston flag raising.[4] Beginning in 2020 in the United States, several state governors ordered the Juneteenth flag to be raised over their capitol buildings on June 19. In 2020, Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers ordered the flag to be flown for the month of June.[14] When the flag was raised in Wisconsin, state senator Lena Taylor of Milwaukee and the Wisconsin Legislative Black Caucus celebrated by raising their fists.[15] Also in 2020 the flag was raised over the Cincinnati City Hall.[16] In Illinois, Governor JB Pritzker ordered the flag to be flown above the Illinois State Capitol on June 19, 2021.[17] In 2021 President Joe Biden signed a law marking Juneteenth as a federal holiday.[18]

In 2020 the Boston Red Sox raised the Juneteenth flag over Fenway Park.[19] The University of Nebraska celebrated Juneteenth by flying the flag alongside their Nebraska flag in 2020.[20] The Juneteenth Flag was displayed at Fenway Park on June 19, 2022 along with the Flag of the United States of America.[21]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Juneteenth flag

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Juneteenth flag is a modern emblem designed to symbolize the of enslaved , specifically referencing the enforcement of in on June 19, 1865, over two years after the . Created in 1997 by activist and social worker Ben Haith, who founded the National Juneteenth Celebration Foundation, the flag's final illustration was completed by Boston-based artist Lisa Jeanne Graf around 2000 after Haith sought assistance to refine his concept. Its design centers on a white against a blue field, representing as the Lone Star State and a new beginning for freed people, with radiating white bursts signifying the spread of liberty from that point. An arched white line evokes a horizon or broken barrier, while the red, white, and blue palette underscores the American identity of enslaved people and their descendants, who contributed to building and defending the nation. The flag emerged amid efforts to formalize Juneteenth observances, initially lacking a dedicated visual symbol despite the holiday's grassroots celebrations dating back to the late . Haith's motivation stemmed from observing the absence of iconography for the growing recognition of Juneteenth, prompting him to develop the design independently before collaborating on its execution. Its adoption accelerated following the establishment of Juneteenth as a federal holiday in , transforming it from a regional marker into a nationally displayed at public events, government buildings, and cultural gatherings, though it remains unofficial in legal terms and competes with alternative designs like Pan-African color variants. No major controversies surround the flag itself, which prioritizes themes of national integration over , reflecting Haith's intent to affirm Black Americans' stake in U.S. history rather than detach from it.

Design

Visual Elements

The Juneteenth flag features a rectangular design utilizing red, white, and blue colors. The background is divided by a curving arc extending horizontally across the width, with a field positioned above the arc and a field below it. At the center lies a prominent white five-pointed star, overlaid with a white starburst pattern resembling a nova, featuring radiating lines that extend outward from the star. In versions adopted after 2007, the text "June 19, 1865" appears in white lettering along the curving arc, commemorating the date of emancipation in Galveston, Texas.

Symbolism

The Juneteenth flag consists of three horizontal stripes in red, white, and blue, with a white centered on the white stripe, encircled by a radiating burst pattern, overlaid by a curving white arc, and inscribed with the date "June 19, 1865" beneath the star. These elements collectively symbolize the of enslaved in and the broader promise of freedom. The red, white, and blue colors mirror those of the flag, signifying the inclusion of formerly enslaved people and their descendants as full entitled to the nation's liberties. The central white star evokes , known as the Lone Star State, where Union General issued on June 19, 1865, announcing the end of slavery more than two years after the . The burst pattern surrounding the star represents a nova, denoting a explosive new beginning for those freed from bondage and the dawn of opportunity in America. The white arc arching above the star symbolizes a new horizon, embodying the arduous yet hopeful transition from enslavement to . The inscribed date directly commemorates the specific historical event of in , marking the practical realization of freedom for approximately 250,000 enslaved individuals in the state.

Historical Development

Creation and Initial Design

The Juneteenth flag was created in 1997 by Ben Haith, an activist and community organizer known as "Boston Ben," who sought a visual symbol for the of enslaved on June 19, 1865. Haith, based in , designed the initial version to represent the spread of freedom from across the , featuring a central white star bursting into a nova against curved red, white, and blue fields denoting the blood, purity, and labor of Black Americans in the context of national independence. The first iteration was publicly debuted on June 19, 1997, during observances. To refine the design, Haith placed an advertisement in a local , attracting illustrator Lisa Jeanne Graf, who collaborated to finalize the elements by 2000. Graf's contributions polished the while preserving Haith's core symbolism, resulting in the version commonly recognized today. Haith copyrighted the flag in 2000 and raised it officially on of that year at Boston's Dillaway-Thomas House, marking its establishment as the emblem for National celebrations.

Pre-2021 Usage

The Juneteenth flag, designed in 1997 by activist Ben Haith of the National Juneteenth Celebration Foundation in collaboration with illustrator Lisa Jeanne Graf, debuted publicly on June 19, 1997, during local observances commemorating emancipation. Initial adoption centered on grassroots events organized by African American communities, particularly in Texas, where Juneteenth traditions dated to 1866 and the state had formalized it as an official holiday in 1980, though state employees received partial paid time off rather than a full day. The flag appeared at parades, festivals, church gatherings, and family barbecues in cities like Galveston and Houston, serving as a visual emblem of the 1865 Union Army announcement ending slavery in Texas—the last Confederate state to receive such news. Revisions occurred in 2000, refining the starburst motif, and in 2007, adding the inscription "June 19, 1865" beneath the central star to highlight the specific Galveston proclamation by Major General . These updated versions gained modest traction beyond in states with early Juneteenth recognitions, such as (state holiday since 2000) and (state holiday since 2003), where community groups incorporated it into educational exhibits, historical markers, and annual jubilees emphasizing regional emancipation narratives. Usage remained decentralized and non-commercial, often handmade or produced by local printers for nonprofit events, without standardized distribution or national merchandising. Prior to 2020, official displays were rare; for instance, municipalities occasionally raised it at city halls during festivals, but systematic flying over state capitols or federal buildings did not emerge until that year amid broader civil rights discussions. The flag's pre-2021 role thus emphasized cultural preservation in southern and southwestern communities, flown alongside American flags to underscore inclusion in national independence themes, rather than widespread institutional endorsement. By 2019, with nearly all states acknowledging in some capacity, community adoption had expanded to include Midwestern and East events, yet visibility stayed tied to volunteer-driven observances rather than mandated protocols.

Post-Federal Holiday Adoption

Following the signing of the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act into law by President Joe Biden on June 17, 2021, establishing Juneteenth as a federal holiday, the Juneteenth flag saw expanded official display by various government entities. Federal agencies incorporated it into observances, with the General Services Administration raising the flag for the first time at its Washington, D.C., headquarters on June 20, 2023, and subsequently at regional facilities such as the Denver Federal Center in 2024. State governments demonstrated varied but increasing adoption, often raising the flag over capitols on or around June 19. In , issued executive orders directing its display above the State Capitol, continuing an annual practice that marked its sixth consecutive year in 2025, positioned below the U.S. and state flags on the East Wing pole. Colorado's and legislators raised it at the State Capitol in 2024, while added it to approved flags for the Statehouse in 2025. flew it over its Sacramento Capitol in 2022. Local jurisdictions also advanced protocols for the flag's use. , amended its flag policy in 2025 to permit flying it alongside the American flag during observances. This post-2021 surge in governmental displays underscored the flag's role in commemorating , though implementation remained decentralized without a uniform federal mandate for its hoisting on public buildings.

Usage and Recognition

Governmental and Official Contexts

In federal contexts, adoption of the Juneteenth flag remains limited and symbolic rather than standardized protocol akin to the U.S. flag. The General Services Administration, a federal agency managing government facilities, raised the flag at its , headquarters for the first time on June 20, 2023, as part of observances. No routine federal mandates require its display at national landmarks such as the or U.S. Capitol, though the holiday's establishment via legislation signed by President on June 17, 2021, has encouraged voluntary recognition in agency events. At the state level, flying the Juneteenth flag over capitol buildings emerged as a common practice starting in 2020, accelerating after the federal holiday designation. By 2025, multiple states including have continued annual displays, with Governor proclaiming as and authorizing the flag's raising over the state capitol for the sixth consecutive year. Similar actions occurred in Wisconsin's 2020 debut, where it replaced other flags on the capitol's from sunrise on . Other states, such as those referenced in broader reports, have flown it on to mark , often alongside gubernatorial proclamations. Local governments have integrated the flag into official settings, with displays at city halls and municipal buildings on . For example, in , , it was raised over city facilities alongside the state capitol in 2020. The National Juneteenth Celebration Foundation, which promotes the flag, notes its presence at various government offices during observances, reflecting localized administrative endorsements rather than uniform policy. These uses emphasize commemoration of the June 19, 1865, emancipation announcement in , without displacing traditional flag protocols in most jurisdictions.

Public and Cultural Adoption

Following the enactment of as a federal holiday on , 2021, the flag experienced a surge in public display at community festivals, parades, and educational events nationwide, particularly in cities like and Galveston where celebrations draw thousands annually. It has been incorporated into public gatherings symbolizing , often alongside traditional activities such as readings of and performances of . Merchandise featuring the , including printed banners, apparel, and household decorations, proliferated through major retailers like and online platforms, with items such as T-shirts priced at $24.99 and flags available for home display. This commercialization extended to corporate recognitions, where over 800 companies pledged in 2021 to observe , sometimes integrating flag motifs into workplace events or . By 2025, corporate sponsorships for events incorporating the flag had declined significantly due to reduced commitments amid opposition to programs, resulting in scaled-back festivals in multiple states including and others. Organizers reported funding shortfalls, prompting adaptations like community to sustain displays of the flag at local observances. In some celebrations, the appears with the , highlighting overlapping themes of liberation while distinguishing the former's focus on the 1865 Texas emancipation.

Reception and Controversies

Support and Achievements

The Juneteenth flag has garnered support from community organizations dedicated to commemorating , notably through its adoption by the National Juneteenth Celebration Foundation, which promotes its display at and official events to symbolize the end of . This endorsement underscores the flag's role in unifying celebrations of African American resilience and freedom, as articulated by its creator Ben Haith, whose activism extended the holiday's reach beyond . Governmental recognition accelerated after 2020, with multiple states raising the flag over capitol buildings on to honor the announcement of emancipation in , on June 19, 1865. The federal establishment of as a national holiday on June 17, 2021, further amplified this practice, leading to widespread ceremonial raisings in cities including , where the flag debuted publicly in 2000 at Roxbury Heritage State Park, and , in 2022. In May 2025, Council unanimously approved a Juneteenth-themed municipal flag, integrating elements of the design into official civic symbolism amid broader state-level debates on flag usage. Haith's design efforts, refined in collaboration with illustrator Lisa Jeanne Graf by 2000, have been pivotal in elevating the flag's status as a visual of , contributing to heightened public awareness and commercial availability for commemorative displays nationwide. This achievement aligns with the flag's integration into educational and cultural programs, such as those by the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, which highlight its representation of American inclusion for formerly enslaved people and their descendants.

Criticisms and Debates

The primary debate surrounding the Juneteenth flag centers on its color scheme and symbolic implications. Designed by Ben Haith in 1997 with red, white, and blue hues mirroring the American flag, the emblem has faced criticism for evoking the nation that institutionalized , prompting questions about its suitability as a marker of . Haith himself acknowledged potential hesitancy toward these colors, noting they serve as a reminder that freed slaves and their descendants are inherently American, yet some observers argue this assimilationist framing dilutes the holiday's focus on rupture from . Opponents advocate for alternatives like the Pan-African flag's red, black, and green palette, which symbolize the blood of African peoples, their skin, and lush homeland vegetation, respectively, as more authentically representative of American liberation narratives unbound by U.S. . This contention intensified post-2021 federal holiday designation, with commentators asserting Haith's design falls short as a "uniquely American symbol" because its patriotic tones prioritize national reconciliation over diaspora-specific identity. Local controversies have arisen over official display protocols, including refusals to raise the flag at government sites due to interim policies limiting non-national banners. In , the Select Board denied a 2022 NAACP request to fly it on public property, citing restrictions on flagpoles to prevent endorsement of specific causes, which drew accusations of marginalizing Black commemorations. Similar disputes occurred in , where a 2025 mayoral decision to alter flag-raising traditions sparked resident backlash over perceived diminishment of the symbol's prominence. Critics have also highlighted practical and cultural tensions, such as overlaying Juneteenth flag motifs on police vehicles in , in 2024, which obscured American flag decals and the "thin blue line" emblem, igniting debates over institutional symbolism and historical revisionism. Broader resistance ties into skepticism of the flag's rapid elevation alongside the holiday, viewed by some as performative symbolism lacking substantive policy reforms for ongoing disparities.

Cultural and Symbolic Context

Relation to Broader Emancipation Symbols

The Juneteenth flag emerges as a contemporary symbol within the historical continuum of iconography, which includes abolitionist banners from the and commemorative artifacts from early post-slavery celebrations, such as printed programs and photographs from events in dating to 1900. Unlike flags from slave uprisings, which often featured stark motifs like "Death or " to assert immediate self-liberation, the Juneteenth flag emphasizes delayed but official enforcement of via Union military order, inscribed with the date June 19, 1865, marking Gordon Granger's announcement in Galveston. This positions it as a counterpart to the of January 1, 1863, symbolizing not abstract liberation but its practical realization in the Confederacy's westernmost outpost. Its design, created by Ben Haile in , incorporates red, white, and blue hues drawn from the U.S. to underscore the inclusion of formerly enslaved people in the American , diverging from Pan-African colors (red, black, green) associated with broader diasporic unity and anti-colonial movements. This intentional American-centric palette reflects a focus on U.S.-specific from chattel , rather than global African solidarity, as articulated by proponents who argue it avoids conflating with unrelated liberation struggles. The central white star denotes , while the surrounding nova burst evokes a "new beginning" akin to dawn imagery in abolitionist literature, linking to symbolic precedents like the "morning star" in and early narratives. In broader context, the flag complements non-flag symbols such as the in , under which freedpeople gathered post-1863, or archival images of Union victory parades, by providing a portable, repeatable emblem for annual commemorations that evolved from 19th-century gatherings into national observances. Its arc of 11 stars may nod to the Confederate states' defeat, paralleling how abolitionist flags repurposed national motifs to claim victory over , though this interpretation remains interpretive rather than designer-stated. Overall, it reinforces emancipation's narrative as an incremental, state-enforced process, distinct from revolutionary self-emancipation symbols in maroon communities or Haitian independence iconography.

Impact on American Identity Narratives

The Juneteenth contributes to American identity narratives by asserting the of enslaved as integral to the nation's arc toward universal . Its red, white, and blue colors deliberately evoke the U.S. , symbolizing that descendants of slaves hold equal claim to American citizenship and the ideals of established in 1776. The central white star represents both as the site of the June 19, 1865, announcement of and the broader extension of across the , framing the event as a national milestone rather than a regional or ethnic outlier. This design, originating from activist Ben Haith's 1997 creation, positions liberation as a corrective fulfillment of the American promise, highlighting causal factors like Union military enforcement over two years after the of January 1, 1863. In cultural discourse, the flag reinforces narratives of resilience and contribution, portraying Black Americans as builders and defenders of the country despite systemic delays in . The curving white arc beneath the star evokes a "new horizon" of possibilities, suggesting ongoing national progress from bondage to inclusion. Post-2021 federal holiday designation, its display in public spaces has embedded this perspective in official commemorations, prompting some to describe as the country's "second Day" and emphasizing empirical historical truths about uneven federal implementation of abolition. This shift integrates Civil War-era causation—rooted in military conquest rather than voluntary consensus—into identity stories, countering views of America as inherently free from inception. The flag's adoption has also sparked contention over whether it unifies or particularizes identity, with debates centering on compatibility with July 4th observances. Critics like Tevin Goler argue that joint celebrations are "disrespectful" and an "," as Day marked freedom excluding enslaved people, thus underscoring persistent tensions between universal founding principles and delayed realizations for specific groups. While mainstream outlets portray it as a unifying symbol of shared , this view may reflect institutional preferences for progressive framing over critiques of ethnic-specific potentially diluting civic cohesion. The flag's rise, amid rising displays alongside Pan-African variants, empirically correlates with broader discussions on whether such symbols affirm inclusion or foster parallel heritages within the national fabric.

References

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