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Kâmil Pasha
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Kâmil Pasha
Mehmed Kâmil Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: محمد كامل پاشا; Turkish: Kıbrıslı Mehmet Kâmil Paşa, "Mehmed Kâmil Pasha the Cypriot"), also spelled as Kâmil Pasha (1833 – 14 November 1913), was an Ottoman statesman and liberal politician of Turkish Cypriot origin in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was the Grand Vizier of the Empire during four different periods.
Mehmed Kâmil Pasha was born in Nicosia, Ottoman Cyprus in 1833. He was the son of an artillery captain, Salih Agha, from the village of Pyrogi. His paternal grandfather was from Karakese village of Anamur. Kâmil's mother was Pembe Hanım, who also hailed from Cyprus.
He was educated on the island until the age of thirteen; He learned Arabic, Persian, French and Greek. In 1845, he was taken to Egypt with his younger brother and studied at Elsine Madrasa. Shortly after, when the madrasah was converted into a military academy, he took courses in military sciences. He graduated as a cavalry lieutenant.
His first post was in the household of the Khedive of Egypt, Abbas I, who at that time was only nominally dependent to the central Ottoman power in Constantinople. In the course of this appointment, he visited London for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in charge of one of the Khedive's sons. Kâmil's sojourn in London left in him a lifelong admiration for Britain and during his career within the Ottoman state, he was always known to be an Anglophile.
He was fluent in English, and sought close ties between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire.
After remaining in Egypt for ten years, Mehmed Kâmil exchanged the service of Abbas I for that of the Ottoman Government as of 1860 and for the ensuing nineteen years – that is to say until he first entered the Cabinet – he filled very numerous administrative appointments in every part of the Empire. He governed, or helped to govern vilayets such as Eastern Rumelia, Hercegovina, Kosovo, and his native Cyprus.
Kâmil Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier from 25 September 1885 to 4 September 1891, under Abdul Hamid II's reign. During this time he developed a rivalry with Mehmed Said Pasha.
His second premiership came about during the height of the Armenian Crisis during the Hamidian massacres. On 2 October 1895 he was appointed Grand Vizier in a tense atmosphere. As a neo-Tanzimatist, Kâmil Pasha petitioned the sultan to put responsible governance back in the hands of the Sublime Porte. He received support from the Great Powers and Young Turk media. Several members of the Committee of Union and Progress supported Kâmil Pasha in his showdown with the Sultan, but by 7 November, Kâmil Pasha was out of high office, his "coup" ending in status quo. For the next decade, he was exiled as governor of Aydın.
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Kâmil Pasha
Mehmed Kâmil Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: محمد كامل پاشا; Turkish: Kıbrıslı Mehmet Kâmil Paşa, "Mehmed Kâmil Pasha the Cypriot"), also spelled as Kâmil Pasha (1833 – 14 November 1913), was an Ottoman statesman and liberal politician of Turkish Cypriot origin in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was the Grand Vizier of the Empire during four different periods.
Mehmed Kâmil Pasha was born in Nicosia, Ottoman Cyprus in 1833. He was the son of an artillery captain, Salih Agha, from the village of Pyrogi. His paternal grandfather was from Karakese village of Anamur. Kâmil's mother was Pembe Hanım, who also hailed from Cyprus.
He was educated on the island until the age of thirteen; He learned Arabic, Persian, French and Greek. In 1845, he was taken to Egypt with his younger brother and studied at Elsine Madrasa. Shortly after, when the madrasah was converted into a military academy, he took courses in military sciences. He graduated as a cavalry lieutenant.
His first post was in the household of the Khedive of Egypt, Abbas I, who at that time was only nominally dependent to the central Ottoman power in Constantinople. In the course of this appointment, he visited London for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in charge of one of the Khedive's sons. Kâmil's sojourn in London left in him a lifelong admiration for Britain and during his career within the Ottoman state, he was always known to be an Anglophile.
He was fluent in English, and sought close ties between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire.
After remaining in Egypt for ten years, Mehmed Kâmil exchanged the service of Abbas I for that of the Ottoman Government as of 1860 and for the ensuing nineteen years – that is to say until he first entered the Cabinet – he filled very numerous administrative appointments in every part of the Empire. He governed, or helped to govern vilayets such as Eastern Rumelia, Hercegovina, Kosovo, and his native Cyprus.
Kâmil Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier from 25 September 1885 to 4 September 1891, under Abdul Hamid II's reign. During this time he developed a rivalry with Mehmed Said Pasha.
His second premiership came about during the height of the Armenian Crisis during the Hamidian massacres. On 2 October 1895 he was appointed Grand Vizier in a tense atmosphere. As a neo-Tanzimatist, Kâmil Pasha petitioned the sultan to put responsible governance back in the hands of the Sublime Porte. He received support from the Great Powers and Young Turk media. Several members of the Committee of Union and Progress supported Kâmil Pasha in his showdown with the Sultan, but by 7 November, Kâmil Pasha was out of high office, his "coup" ending in status quo. For the next decade, he was exiled as governor of Aydın.
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