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Mehmed Said Pasha
Mehmed Said Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: محمد سعيد پاشا; 1838–1914), also known as Küçük Said Pasha, was an Ottoman Turkish monarchist, senator, statesman and editor of the Turkish newspaper Cerîde-i Havâdis. He served as grand vizier for nine years in total, seven times during the reign of Abdul Hamid II and twice during the Second Constitutional Monarchy.
His epithet makes him "Said Pasha the Younger" to distinguish him from a contemporary statesman İngiliz Said Pasha, who was also known as Büyük Said Pasha, or "Said Pasha the Elder". Küçük Said was also known as Mabeyn Başkâtibi Said Bey in this youth.
He was known for his opposition to the extension of foreign influence in the Ottoman Empire. He was among the statesmen who were disliked by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). However, in his last two grand vizierships, Said Pasha was supported by the CUP in the Chamber of Deputies, and his last grand vizierate ended in 1912 with a military memorandum against the Unionists.
Mehmed Said was born in Erzurum. His father was Ali Namık Efendi, a foreign minister bureaucrat. According to his contemporary Petre Kharischirashvili, he was of Georgian descent. His education was in the madrasa, which started in Erzurum and continued in Istanbul. There he learned French. He joined the Kalemiye in Istanbul, and soon the petty civil service.
He returned to Erzurum for his first civil service assignment in 1853 where he worked in the eyalet's bureau of commutations (tahrirat kalemi). In 1857 he joined the Anatolian army's bureau of communications. Said went back to Istanbul, where he was the deputy clerk of the Supreme Council (Meclis-i Vâlâ halife kâtip). He then became chief of the Archipelago Vilayet municipal council (Adalar Bölgesi Belediye Dairesi reisi) and chief clerk of the Rumeli Inspection Committee (Rumeli Teftiş Heyeti başkatibi) following which he became the chief clerk of the government printing office (Matbaa-i Amire başkatibi). After a brief stint as chief clerk of the Court of Cassation (Dîvân-ı Ahkâm-ı Adliyye muhakemat başkatibi) he became director of communication of the Ministry of Trade (Ticaret Nezareti mektupçusu) before taking on the same role in the Ministry of Education.
Mehmed Said contributed to the provincial reform by writing the Regulation on the General Administration of Provinces (İdare-i Umumiye-i Vilayet Nizamnamesini). This caught the attention of Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha.
He became first secretary to Sultan Abdul Hamid II shortly after the sultan's accession, and is said to have contributed to the realizations of his majesty's design of concentrating power in his own hands; later he became a senator, minister of the interior, minister of finance, royal treasurer, then governor of Ankara and then Bursa, justice minister, finally reaching the high post of grand vizier in 1879. It is not known what his role was in the 1876 coups d'état.
He was grand vizier seven times under Abdul Hamid II, and twice under his successor, Mehmed V.
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Mehmed Said Pasha
Mehmed Said Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: محمد سعيد پاشا; 1838–1914), also known as Küçük Said Pasha, was an Ottoman Turkish monarchist, senator, statesman and editor of the Turkish newspaper Cerîde-i Havâdis. He served as grand vizier for nine years in total, seven times during the reign of Abdul Hamid II and twice during the Second Constitutional Monarchy.
His epithet makes him "Said Pasha the Younger" to distinguish him from a contemporary statesman İngiliz Said Pasha, who was also known as Büyük Said Pasha, or "Said Pasha the Elder". Küçük Said was also known as Mabeyn Başkâtibi Said Bey in this youth.
He was known for his opposition to the extension of foreign influence in the Ottoman Empire. He was among the statesmen who were disliked by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). However, in his last two grand vizierships, Said Pasha was supported by the CUP in the Chamber of Deputies, and his last grand vizierate ended in 1912 with a military memorandum against the Unionists.
Mehmed Said was born in Erzurum. His father was Ali Namık Efendi, a foreign minister bureaucrat. According to his contemporary Petre Kharischirashvili, he was of Georgian descent. His education was in the madrasa, which started in Erzurum and continued in Istanbul. There he learned French. He joined the Kalemiye in Istanbul, and soon the petty civil service.
He returned to Erzurum for his first civil service assignment in 1853 where he worked in the eyalet's bureau of commutations (tahrirat kalemi). In 1857 he joined the Anatolian army's bureau of communications. Said went back to Istanbul, where he was the deputy clerk of the Supreme Council (Meclis-i Vâlâ halife kâtip). He then became chief of the Archipelago Vilayet municipal council (Adalar Bölgesi Belediye Dairesi reisi) and chief clerk of the Rumeli Inspection Committee (Rumeli Teftiş Heyeti başkatibi) following which he became the chief clerk of the government printing office (Matbaa-i Amire başkatibi). After a brief stint as chief clerk of the Court of Cassation (Dîvân-ı Ahkâm-ı Adliyye muhakemat başkatibi) he became director of communication of the Ministry of Trade (Ticaret Nezareti mektupçusu) before taking on the same role in the Ministry of Education.
Mehmed Said contributed to the provincial reform by writing the Regulation on the General Administration of Provinces (İdare-i Umumiye-i Vilayet Nizamnamesini). This caught the attention of Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha.
He became first secretary to Sultan Abdul Hamid II shortly after the sultan's accession, and is said to have contributed to the realizations of his majesty's design of concentrating power in his own hands; later he became a senator, minister of the interior, minister of finance, royal treasurer, then governor of Ankara and then Bursa, justice minister, finally reaching the high post of grand vizier in 1879. It is not known what his role was in the 1876 coups d'état.
He was grand vizier seven times under Abdul Hamid II, and twice under his successor, Mehmed V.
