KAM Isaiah Israel is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 1100 East Hyde Park Boulevard in the historic Kenwood neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is the oldest Jewish congregation in Chicago, with its oldest core founded in 1847 as Kehilath Anshe Ma'arav (Hebrew: קהלת אנשי מערב, lit. 'Congregation of the Men of the West').

The congregation Kehilath Anshe Ma'arav ("Congregation of the Men of the West") was founded on November 3, 1847, at the wholesale dry-goods store of Levi Rosenfeld and Jacob Rosenberg located at 155 East Lake Street by twenty men, many of whom hailed from Bavaria. At the time, this section of the Chicago Loop was the center of the small Chicago Jewish community. The newly founded congregation was first housed above Rosenfeld and Rosenberg's store at Lake and Wells street. After increasing membership and lack of space, the congregation was soon forced to find a more suitable space to accommodate their growing community. A lot was leased at Clark and Quincy streets (now the site of the Kluczynski Federal Building), and construction of a small frame synagogue began. After an investment of $12,000, the one and a half story building, with a capacity of 450 people, was dedicated on June 13, 1851. After only two years, their land lease had expired, forcing the congregation to move the new building to Adams and Wells in 1853. Unscathed by the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, KAM's synagogue building was burned down in the Chicago Fire of 1874.

In 1890, KAM moved into its Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler designed temple in Bronzeville, and in 1924 moved again to a private residence in Hyde Park. The former synagogue became the Pilgrim Baptist Church, the birthplace of Gospel music. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, designated a Chicago Landmark in 1981, and partially destroyed by fire in 2006. In 1971, KAM merged with another Reform congregation, Isaiah Israel (builders of the present synagogue), to become KAM Isaiah Israel.

The synagogue is situated in the Kenwood neighborhood of Chicago, an area known for its large homes and well-to-do residents, such as Barack Obama (who lives across from the synagogue on Greenwood Avenue) and Muhammad Ali. Built in the Byzantine Revival style, the minaret is not on top of the dome as it appears in this photo, but rather it is atop a tower that functions as a chimney, behind the building. Built for the Isaiah Israel congregation in 1924, the structure was designed by Alfred S. Alschuler, who drew his influence from photographs of the second-century Severus synagogue unearthed at Tiberias, in Galilee. The extensions were designed by architects John Alschuler (the son of Alfred) and Ron Dirsmith. The building was designated an official Chicago Landmark on June 9, 1977.

KAM Isaiah Israel is the oldest Jewish congregation in Illinois, with its founding predating any other synagogue in the state by several years. Many of the German Jewish immigrants responsible for the founding of the congregation, a group which did not exceed twenty in number, initially maintained Orthodox practices.

During its early years, the congregation adhered to traditional Jewish observance. They adopted Minhag Ashkenaz as the ritual for the synagogue at the time it was founded. The congregation's first rabbi was Ignatz Kunreuther, serving as a leader of the congregation from 1847 to 1853. His views were described as "ultra orthodox … holding tenaciously to ancient traditional usages," serving as an overall picture for this early period during its foundings. Despite these traditional perspectives, Kunreuther was likewise described as keeping an open mind as well as being a good Talmudic scholar who is well-versed in Hebrew literature.

The early constitution adopted in 1847 established a traditional governance structure with Morris L. Leopold as the first president. The congregation's commitment to Orthodox practice expanded beyond its worship, going into topics such as maintaining kosher dietary laws. For instance, one founding member, Mrs. Dila Kohn, reportedly subsisted "for a time on a vegetable diet, eating only bread, potatoes, eggs and the like" when no shochet was available in the community.

Seeds of reform started early in KAM's long history. Internal debates of ritual changes started in 1852, when record notes show that demands for reforms at service became louder at this time. Some of these reforms adopted included the abolition of the ritual of Piyutim and Selichoth, singing of hymns in the vernacular of the country, and the accompanying of the singing by playing the organ, among others.