A kampong (this term is in Za'aba Spelling, kampung in both modern Malay and Indonesian) is a term for a type of village in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore and a 'dock' in Cambodia. The term applies to traditional villages, especially of indigenous peoples.

This term has also been used to refer to urban slum areas or enclosed developments and neighborhoods within towns and cities in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Christmas Island. The design and architecture of traditional kampong villages have been targeted for reform by urbanists and modernists. These villages have also been adapted by contemporary architects for various projects.

The word kampung or kampong is derived from the Malay and is commonly translated into English as "village". In Singapore, the traditional spelling kampong continues to be used, while the spelling kampung is standard in Malaysia and Indonesia. In Brunei, both spellings are interchangeable.

The English word "compound," when referring to a development in a town, is thought to be derived from kampong.

In Brunei, the term kampong (also kampung) primarily refers to the third- and lowest-level subdivisions below districts (Malay: daerah) and mukim (subdistricts). Some kampong divisions are villages in a social sense as defined by anthropologists, while others may only serve for census and other administrative purposes. Others have been incorporated into the city limits of the capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, or into nearby towns.

A kampong is generally led by a ketua kampung or village head. Infrastructure-wise, it typically has a primary school and a balai raya or dewan kemasyarakatan, the equivalent of a community centre. Because many kampongs have predominantly Muslim residents, each may also have a mosque for the Jumu'ah or Friday prayers and a school providing the Islamic religious primary education compulsory for Muslim pupils in the country.

In Brunei, kampong and kampung are considered to be correct spellings, and both alternatives are common in written media and official place names. For example, Keriam, a village in Tutong District, is known as Kampung Keriam by the Survey Department but Kampong Keriam by the Postal Services Department, both being government departments.

In Cambodia, "kampong – កំពង់" is used to describe a place on a river or lake-shore where people can dock their private small boats. It also refers to a dock facility for commercial or passenger ferries and boats, such as Neak Loeung's ferry-dock (កំពង់ចម្លងអ្នកលឿង) and Akreiy Ksatr's ferry-dock (កំពង់ចម្លងអរិយក្សត្រ).