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Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Russian: Институт прикладной математики им. М.В.Келдыша, ИПМ) is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics. It was established to solve computational tasks related to government programs of nuclear and fusion energy, space research and missile technology. The Institute is a part of the Department of Mathematical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main direction of activity of the institute is the use of computer technology to solve complex scientific and technical issues of practical importance. Since 2016, the development of mathematical and computational methods for biological research, as well as a direct solution to the problems of computational biology with the use of such methods, has also been included in the circle of scientific activities of the institute.
Theoretical physicist Yakov Zeldovich headed one of the departments placed in charge of the theoretical aspects of the work on the creation of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons. Alexander Samarskii performed the first realistic calculations of macrokinetics of chain reaction of a nuclear explosion, which led to the practical importance estimated power of nuclear weapons. In relation to nuclear energy, the institute was also involved in modelling of processes of neutron transport and nuclear reactions. In particular, E. Kuznetsov is known for his work on the theory of nuclear reactors.
Currently, such work in KIAM is continuing in the field of plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion, which began under the leadership of Sergei Kurdyumov, A. A. Samarskii, Yu. P. Popov.
Dmitry Okhotsimsky directed the works in the department created for research of the dynamics of space flight. In 1966, the department was reorganized into the Ballistic Centre. The Ballistic Centre was involved in the calculations of optimal orbit trajectory and actual corrections for all space flights, from uncrewed interplanetary and lunar vehicles to the crewed "Soyuz" and orbital station "Salyut" and "Mir". The institute took an active part in the creation of the Soviet space shuttle "Buran".
KIAM continues to engage in Russian space projects. Current research is connected with:
One of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century Israel Gelfand was at the head of the Department of heat transmission before his departure for the United States in 1989. He was carrying out the fundamental works on functional analysis, algebra and topology. Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov worked initially also in these areas of mathematics. However, Tikhonov is better known for his works of more applied orientation, such as methods for solving ill-posed problems (Tikhonov regularization). Tikhonov also created the theory of differential equations with a small parameter at the highest derivative. The general theory of stability of difference schemes was developed by A. A. Samarskii. Samarskii considered mathematical modelling as an independent scientific discipline. Sergei Kurdyumov created a whole scientific school in nonlinear dynamics and synergetics in Russia.
Currently, the existing arsenal of numerical methods is updated and improved in response to the growing complexity of the models and the possibilities of modern supercomputers. Scientists of KIAM elaborate grid methods for solving computational problems, which has led, in particular, to the creation of a declarative language "Norma".
The first studies were carried out still on mechanical calculators "Mercedes" by a large staff of estimators. Currently, work is underway to create a distributed computing system based on combining several supercomputers, which are used for grid – technology and developed a specialized operating system (DVM).
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Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Russian: Институт прикладной математики им. М.В.Келдыша, ИПМ) is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics. It was established to solve computational tasks related to government programs of nuclear and fusion energy, space research and missile technology. The Institute is a part of the Department of Mathematical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main direction of activity of the institute is the use of computer technology to solve complex scientific and technical issues of practical importance. Since 2016, the development of mathematical and computational methods for biological research, as well as a direct solution to the problems of computational biology with the use of such methods, has also been included in the circle of scientific activities of the institute.
Theoretical physicist Yakov Zeldovich headed one of the departments placed in charge of the theoretical aspects of the work on the creation of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons. Alexander Samarskii performed the first realistic calculations of macrokinetics of chain reaction of a nuclear explosion, which led to the practical importance estimated power of nuclear weapons. In relation to nuclear energy, the institute was also involved in modelling of processes of neutron transport and nuclear reactions. In particular, E. Kuznetsov is known for his work on the theory of nuclear reactors.
Currently, such work in KIAM is continuing in the field of plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion, which began under the leadership of Sergei Kurdyumov, A. A. Samarskii, Yu. P. Popov.
Dmitry Okhotsimsky directed the works in the department created for research of the dynamics of space flight. In 1966, the department was reorganized into the Ballistic Centre. The Ballistic Centre was involved in the calculations of optimal orbit trajectory and actual corrections for all space flights, from uncrewed interplanetary and lunar vehicles to the crewed "Soyuz" and orbital station "Salyut" and "Mir". The institute took an active part in the creation of the Soviet space shuttle "Buran".
KIAM continues to engage in Russian space projects. Current research is connected with:
One of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century Israel Gelfand was at the head of the Department of heat transmission before his departure for the United States in 1989. He was carrying out the fundamental works on functional analysis, algebra and topology. Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov worked initially also in these areas of mathematics. However, Tikhonov is better known for his works of more applied orientation, such as methods for solving ill-posed problems (Tikhonov regularization). Tikhonov also created the theory of differential equations with a small parameter at the highest derivative. The general theory of stability of difference schemes was developed by A. A. Samarskii. Samarskii considered mathematical modelling as an independent scientific discipline. Sergei Kurdyumov created a whole scientific school in nonlinear dynamics and synergetics in Russia.
Currently, the existing arsenal of numerical methods is updated and improved in response to the growing complexity of the models and the possibilities of modern supercomputers. Scientists of KIAM elaborate grid methods for solving computational problems, which has led, in particular, to the creation of a declarative language "Norma".
The first studies were carried out still on mechanical calculators "Mercedes" by a large staff of estimators. Currently, work is underway to create a distributed computing system based on combining several supercomputers, which are used for grid – technology and developed a specialized operating system (DVM).