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Kopeck
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Kopeck
The kopeck, also spelled kopek, is a coin or unit of currency used in Russia and some post-Soviet states. It is usually the smallest denomination within a currency system and is equal to 1⁄100 ruble.
The kopeck was first introduced in Russia in 1535 as a result of the monetary reform of Elena Glinskaya, who was serving as regent. As of 2026[update], it is the currency unit of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. The Russian kopeck is also used in the two breakaway states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Transnistria, another breakaway state, has its own kopeck. In the past, several other countries had currency units that were also named kopecks as a result of Russian influence.
The kopeck was introduced in Russia in 1535, where it is known as the kopeyka (pl. kopeyki). The name is derived from kopyo, meaning a lance or spear.
In Belarus, the equivalent name in Belarusian is kapeyka, in use since 1992. In Ukraine, it is known as the kopiyka (pl. kopiyok), in use since 1996.
It was also in use in Latvia from 1919 to 1922 and again from 1992 to 1993, where it was known as the kapeika. In Azerbaijan, the gapik (Azerbaijani: qəpik, 1⁄100 manat) is derived from the kopeck.
The kopeck is not subdivided in any country, although the denga (1⁄2 kopeck) and polushka (1⁄4 kopeck) were Russian coins that were periodically minted for centuries, until the fall of the Russian monarchy in 1917.
The silver kopeck was introduced in 1535 as a result of the monetary reform of Elena Glinskaya, who was serving as regent for her son Ivan IV. It was equal in weight to the Novgorodian denga (novgorodka) at 0.68–0.69 grams, which had circulated throughout Russia from 1478. From 1535 to 1718, kopeck coins bore the image of a horseman carrying a spear (копьё, kopyo), hence the name kopek.
In 1610, its weight had fallen to 0.54–0.56 grams, then to 0.48–0.50 grams in 1613, 0.46–0.47 grams in 1626, 0.44–0.46 grams in 1645, and 0.38 grams in 1698. In 1610, during the Time of Troubles, Vasily Shuisky's government briefly began minting gold coins, including the kopeck. From 1656 to 1663, the government attempted to replace silver coins with copper coins, which led to their devaluation and ultimately the Copper Riot. In 1663, the minting of copper coins ceased. Peter I began minting copper coins again in 1704. The last wired silver coins (provolochnye kopeyki) were minted in 1718.
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Kopeck
The kopeck, also spelled kopek, is a coin or unit of currency used in Russia and some post-Soviet states. It is usually the smallest denomination within a currency system and is equal to 1⁄100 ruble.
The kopeck was first introduced in Russia in 1535 as a result of the monetary reform of Elena Glinskaya, who was serving as regent. As of 2026[update], it is the currency unit of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. The Russian kopeck is also used in the two breakaway states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Transnistria, another breakaway state, has its own kopeck. In the past, several other countries had currency units that were also named kopecks as a result of Russian influence.
The kopeck was introduced in Russia in 1535, where it is known as the kopeyka (pl. kopeyki). The name is derived from kopyo, meaning a lance or spear.
In Belarus, the equivalent name in Belarusian is kapeyka, in use since 1992. In Ukraine, it is known as the kopiyka (pl. kopiyok), in use since 1996.
It was also in use in Latvia from 1919 to 1922 and again from 1992 to 1993, where it was known as the kapeika. In Azerbaijan, the gapik (Azerbaijani: qəpik, 1⁄100 manat) is derived from the kopeck.
The kopeck is not subdivided in any country, although the denga (1⁄2 kopeck) and polushka (1⁄4 kopeck) were Russian coins that were periodically minted for centuries, until the fall of the Russian monarchy in 1917.
The silver kopeck was introduced in 1535 as a result of the monetary reform of Elena Glinskaya, who was serving as regent for her son Ivan IV. It was equal in weight to the Novgorodian denga (novgorodka) at 0.68–0.69 grams, which had circulated throughout Russia from 1478. From 1535 to 1718, kopeck coins bore the image of a horseman carrying a spear (копьё, kopyo), hence the name kopek.
In 1610, its weight had fallen to 0.54–0.56 grams, then to 0.48–0.50 grams in 1613, 0.46–0.47 grams in 1626, 0.44–0.46 grams in 1645, and 0.38 grams in 1698. In 1610, during the Time of Troubles, Vasily Shuisky's government briefly began minting gold coins, including the kopeck. From 1656 to 1663, the government attempted to replace silver coins with copper coins, which led to their devaluation and ultimately the Copper Riot. In 1663, the minting of copper coins ceased. Peter I began minting copper coins again in 1704. The last wired silver coins (provolochnye kopeyki) were minted in 1718.
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