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Kuningan Regency
Kuningan Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of the West Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,194.09 km2, and it had a population of 1,035,589 at the 2010 census and 1,167,686 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid 2024 was 1,213,927 (comprising 614,594 males and 599,333 females). Kuningan Regency is located in the east of the province, south of Cirebon Regency, east of Majalengka Regency and northeast of Ciamis Regency, and bordering Central Java Province to the east and southeast. The town and district of Kuningan is its administrative capital.
The area of the eastern slopes and valley of Mount Cereme has been known as the Kuningan Duchy since the Hindu period as part of the Galuh Kingdom circa 14th century. The name "Kuningan" is believed to have come from the Sundanese word kuning meaning "yellow". An alternate theory suggests the name proliferated from the Sundanese word kuningan, a local name for brass, the metal which has been produced and used for hundreds of years in this area. According to the local tradition, the name Kuningan derived from Prince Arya Kuningan or Adipati Kemuning, a local hero and ruler of this region circa 1498.
The oldest archaeological findings in the region were found in 1972, objects such as sherds, stone tools, gravestones, and ceramics were unearthed in the Cipari megalithic site with shreds of evidence from the bronze and iron metallurgical culture, assumed it belong to the Old Megalithicum age, from around 3500 BC to 1500 BC. Meanwhile, Ekadjati argues in his book that the Neolithic era spanned from 2500 BC to 1500 BC. After that era, the Megalithic era began until the early centuries of the Common Era. Based on findings, at those times, prehistoric humans in Kuningan were at the transition of semi-nomadic and pastoralism. They mainly lived near rivers and water springs on the eastern slopes of Mount Ciremai.
The area around Kuningan was originally under the control of the Tarumanagara Kingdom. After the split between the Galuh and Sunda kingdoms, Galuh ruled the region, the reference to which was found in the story of Parahyangan (Carita Parahyangan).
At the end of the 7th century, the Tarumanagara Kingdom collapsed. The Kuningan Kingdom, and other small kingdoms, came to rule the territory of the former Tarumanagara. The Kuningan Kingdom territory was situated between the Galuh and Indraprahasta Kingdoms. The first king of the kingdom was Sang Pandawa, also called Sang Wiragati.
In 671, Sang Pandawa married his daughter, Sangkari to Demunawan. He was the son of Danghiyang Guru Sempakwaja, a resiguru (clergy) of Sanghiyang (a fusion of ancestor-worshiping religion and Hinduism), based in Galunggung. However, Danghiyang Guru Sempakwaja disliked Sang Pandawa's behavior. He asked Sanjaya, the king of the Galuh Kingdom, to invade the Kuningan Kingdom which was still ruled by Sang Pandawa.
After the conflict, Danghiyang Guru Sempakwaja appointed Sang Pandawa a resiguru in Layuwatang. The king's position was then succeeded by Demunawan in 723 with the royal title of Rahiyangtang Kuku. During his rule, the capital city of the kingdom was Saunggalah (now in Salia Kampong, Ciherang Village, Nusaherang District). Parts of Galunggung were also absorbed by the Kuningan Kingdom under his reign.
Saunggalah was ruled by Rakeyan Dharmasiksa from 1163 to 1175. He was the son of Prabu Dharmakusuma, king of the Sunda Kingdom who had reigned 1157–1175. After the death of his father, Rakeyan Dharmasiksa succeeded as king of the Sunda Kingdom. As ruler of Saunggalah, he was then succeeded by his son Ragasuci, sometimes called Rajaputra. With the royal title of Rahiyang Saunggalah, he reigned until 1298. He married Dara Puspa, princess of Melayu Kingdom. Rahiyang Saunggalah then succeeded as king of the Sunda Kingdom in 1298 with the royal title of Prabu Ragasuci. In Saunggalah, he was then succeeded by his son Citragandha.
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Kuningan Regency
Kuningan Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of the West Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,194.09 km2, and it had a population of 1,035,589 at the 2010 census and 1,167,686 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid 2024 was 1,213,927 (comprising 614,594 males and 599,333 females). Kuningan Regency is located in the east of the province, south of Cirebon Regency, east of Majalengka Regency and northeast of Ciamis Regency, and bordering Central Java Province to the east and southeast. The town and district of Kuningan is its administrative capital.
The area of the eastern slopes and valley of Mount Cereme has been known as the Kuningan Duchy since the Hindu period as part of the Galuh Kingdom circa 14th century. The name "Kuningan" is believed to have come from the Sundanese word kuning meaning "yellow". An alternate theory suggests the name proliferated from the Sundanese word kuningan, a local name for brass, the metal which has been produced and used for hundreds of years in this area. According to the local tradition, the name Kuningan derived from Prince Arya Kuningan or Adipati Kemuning, a local hero and ruler of this region circa 1498.
The oldest archaeological findings in the region were found in 1972, objects such as sherds, stone tools, gravestones, and ceramics were unearthed in the Cipari megalithic site with shreds of evidence from the bronze and iron metallurgical culture, assumed it belong to the Old Megalithicum age, from around 3500 BC to 1500 BC. Meanwhile, Ekadjati argues in his book that the Neolithic era spanned from 2500 BC to 1500 BC. After that era, the Megalithic era began until the early centuries of the Common Era. Based on findings, at those times, prehistoric humans in Kuningan were at the transition of semi-nomadic and pastoralism. They mainly lived near rivers and water springs on the eastern slopes of Mount Ciremai.
The area around Kuningan was originally under the control of the Tarumanagara Kingdom. After the split between the Galuh and Sunda kingdoms, Galuh ruled the region, the reference to which was found in the story of Parahyangan (Carita Parahyangan).
At the end of the 7th century, the Tarumanagara Kingdom collapsed. The Kuningan Kingdom, and other small kingdoms, came to rule the territory of the former Tarumanagara. The Kuningan Kingdom territory was situated between the Galuh and Indraprahasta Kingdoms. The first king of the kingdom was Sang Pandawa, also called Sang Wiragati.
In 671, Sang Pandawa married his daughter, Sangkari to Demunawan. He was the son of Danghiyang Guru Sempakwaja, a resiguru (clergy) of Sanghiyang (a fusion of ancestor-worshiping religion and Hinduism), based in Galunggung. However, Danghiyang Guru Sempakwaja disliked Sang Pandawa's behavior. He asked Sanjaya, the king of the Galuh Kingdom, to invade the Kuningan Kingdom which was still ruled by Sang Pandawa.
After the conflict, Danghiyang Guru Sempakwaja appointed Sang Pandawa a resiguru in Layuwatang. The king's position was then succeeded by Demunawan in 723 with the royal title of Rahiyangtang Kuku. During his rule, the capital city of the kingdom was Saunggalah (now in Salia Kampong, Ciherang Village, Nusaherang District). Parts of Galunggung were also absorbed by the Kuningan Kingdom under his reign.
Saunggalah was ruled by Rakeyan Dharmasiksa from 1163 to 1175. He was the son of Prabu Dharmakusuma, king of the Sunda Kingdom who had reigned 1157–1175. After the death of his father, Rakeyan Dharmasiksa succeeded as king of the Sunda Kingdom. As ruler of Saunggalah, he was then succeeded by his son Ragasuci, sometimes called Rajaputra. With the royal title of Rahiyang Saunggalah, he reigned until 1298. He married Dara Puspa, princess of Melayu Kingdom. Rahiyang Saunggalah then succeeded as king of the Sunda Kingdom in 1298 with the royal title of Prabu Ragasuci. In Saunggalah, he was then succeeded by his son Citragandha.