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Kurnool district
Kurnool district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh after the districts are reorganised in April 2022. It is located in the north western part of the state and is bounded by Nandyal district in the east, Anantapur district in the south, Raichur district of Karnataka in the northwest, Bellary district of Karnataka in the west, and Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana in the north. It has a population of 2,271,686 based on the 2011 census. The city of Kurnool is the headquarters of the district. Konda Reddy Fort, Mantralayam and Orvakal Rock Garden, Kurnool are tourist places of interest in the district.
The name Kurnool was originally called "Kandenavolu". In the 11th century CE, the Oddera community engaged in construction activity used this place as a halting place for greasing their cartwheels with oil, before crossing the Tungabhadra river. The carts carried loads of stones for temple construction at Alampur. The word oil is known as kandena in Telugu and thus the place was called "Kandenavolu".
The Ketavaram rock paintings are dated back to the Paleolithic era (located at a distance of 18 km (11 mi) from Kurnool). Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta and Yaganti in the Nandyal district have some important rock arts and paintings in their vicinity, which are dated back to 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.
The earliest rulers of this region were Nandas, as suggested by place names such as Nandavaram, Nandyal, Mahanandi. They were defeated by Mauryas around 323 A.D. After that the region passed into the hands of Satavahanas, Pallavas, Cholas, Rashtrakutas during the course of time till 973 A.D. It was ruled by Velanadu Cholas and Kakatiyas till 1323 A.D. When Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq defeated Kakatiyas, the region became part of the Mughal empire. The Mughal rule became weak, leading to the formation of Reddy, Vijayanagar and Bahamani kingdoms. Reddy and Vijayanagar kingdoms fought several wars for the control of this region, with Vijayanagara kings succeeding finally.
During the reign of Vijayanagar king Achyuta Deva Raya in 1530 A.D. the fort of Kurnool was built. Parts of this region were ruled by the chiefs of Velugodu, Nandyal, Araveedu and Owk. The Vijayanagar kingdom was defeated in the battle of Tallikota in 1565 A.D. As a result, part of this region was given over to Bijapur sultanate. The region witnessed battles by Qutub Sahis for control. Qutub Sahi empire was annexed by Mughals during the last decade of the 17th century. In 1724 A.D., Nizam-ul-Mulk defeated Mubariz Khan, the governor of Hyderabad and Ibrahim Khan, the Jagirdar of Kurnool and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty. During the hegemony of the Mughals and the Asaf Jahis, the Nawabs of Kurnool ruled this region as their Jagir. Daud Khan, Ibrahim Khan, Aluf Khan and Himmat Bahadur Khan were the successive rulers. This region came under the sovereignty of Hyder Ali in 1767 following a treaty with Nizam., but it was transferred back to Nizam by the treaty of Srirangapatnam.
Nizam of Hyderabad ceded this region to the British in 1800. Munro was appointed as principal collector over the ceded districts. Munro subjugated over 80 Palegars, instituted revenue collection system through which he secured the finances. This district along with the other Telugu speaking districts of Madras province were separated to form Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.
Talukas of Adoni, Alur, Yemmiganur were merged with Kurnool District from Bellary District in 1953. In 1970, Prakasam district was formed carving out Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem talukas from the district. In 2022, the district was split to form Nandyal district.
According to the 2011 census Kurnool district has a population of 4,053,463, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oregon. This gives it a ranking of 54th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 229 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.65%. The district had a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 59.97%.
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Kurnool district
Kurnool district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh after the districts are reorganised in April 2022. It is located in the north western part of the state and is bounded by Nandyal district in the east, Anantapur district in the south, Raichur district of Karnataka in the northwest, Bellary district of Karnataka in the west, and Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana in the north. It has a population of 2,271,686 based on the 2011 census. The city of Kurnool is the headquarters of the district. Konda Reddy Fort, Mantralayam and Orvakal Rock Garden, Kurnool are tourist places of interest in the district.
The name Kurnool was originally called "Kandenavolu". In the 11th century CE, the Oddera community engaged in construction activity used this place as a halting place for greasing their cartwheels with oil, before crossing the Tungabhadra river. The carts carried loads of stones for temple construction at Alampur. The word oil is known as kandena in Telugu and thus the place was called "Kandenavolu".
The Ketavaram rock paintings are dated back to the Paleolithic era (located at a distance of 18 km (11 mi) from Kurnool). Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta and Yaganti in the Nandyal district have some important rock arts and paintings in their vicinity, which are dated back to 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.
The earliest rulers of this region were Nandas, as suggested by place names such as Nandavaram, Nandyal, Mahanandi. They were defeated by Mauryas around 323 A.D. After that the region passed into the hands of Satavahanas, Pallavas, Cholas, Rashtrakutas during the course of time till 973 A.D. It was ruled by Velanadu Cholas and Kakatiyas till 1323 A.D. When Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq defeated Kakatiyas, the region became part of the Mughal empire. The Mughal rule became weak, leading to the formation of Reddy, Vijayanagar and Bahamani kingdoms. Reddy and Vijayanagar kingdoms fought several wars for the control of this region, with Vijayanagara kings succeeding finally.
During the reign of Vijayanagar king Achyuta Deva Raya in 1530 A.D. the fort of Kurnool was built. Parts of this region were ruled by the chiefs of Velugodu, Nandyal, Araveedu and Owk. The Vijayanagar kingdom was defeated in the battle of Tallikota in 1565 A.D. As a result, part of this region was given over to Bijapur sultanate. The region witnessed battles by Qutub Sahis for control. Qutub Sahi empire was annexed by Mughals during the last decade of the 17th century. In 1724 A.D., Nizam-ul-Mulk defeated Mubariz Khan, the governor of Hyderabad and Ibrahim Khan, the Jagirdar of Kurnool and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty. During the hegemony of the Mughals and the Asaf Jahis, the Nawabs of Kurnool ruled this region as their Jagir. Daud Khan, Ibrahim Khan, Aluf Khan and Himmat Bahadur Khan were the successive rulers. This region came under the sovereignty of Hyder Ali in 1767 following a treaty with Nizam., but it was transferred back to Nizam by the treaty of Srirangapatnam.
Nizam of Hyderabad ceded this region to the British in 1800. Munro was appointed as principal collector over the ceded districts. Munro subjugated over 80 Palegars, instituted revenue collection system through which he secured the finances. This district along with the other Telugu speaking districts of Madras province were separated to form Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.
Talukas of Adoni, Alur, Yemmiganur were merged with Kurnool District from Bellary District in 1953. In 1970, Prakasam district was formed carving out Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem talukas from the district. In 2022, the district was split to form Nandyal district.
According to the 2011 census Kurnool district has a population of 4,053,463, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oregon. This gives it a ranking of 54th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 229 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.65%. The district had a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 59.97%.