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M. S. Valiathan
Marthanda Varma Sankaran Valiathan (24 May 1934 – 17 July 2024) was an Indian cardiac surgeon. He was a president of the Indian National Science Academy and a National Research Professor of the Government of India.
Valiathan was awarded the Padma Vibushan in 2005 for his contributions to health technology in India. He was made a Chevalier in the Ordre des Palmes académiques, an honour bestowed by France, in 1999. He received the Dr. Samuel P. Asper International Award from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2009 for his contributions to international medical education.
He was born on 24 May 1934 at Mavelikkara, Travancore (in present-day Alappuzha district), to Marthanda Varma and Janaki Varma. His early education was at a government school in Mavelikkara, followed by the University College, Thiruvananthapuram. Valiathan's medical education took place at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, where he obtained his MBBS (1951–56). He later went to the University of Liverpool as a surgical trainee and received his fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and England in 1960 and master's degree in surgery from the University of Liverpool. After a brief stint as a faculty member at the PGIMER Chandigarh, he underwent further training in cardiac surgery at the Johns Hopkins, George Washington, and Georgetown University Hospitals and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in 1970. He worked as a Fellow of Doctors Vincent L. Gott at the Hopkins and Charles A. Hufnagel at the Georgetown University.
Valiathan served on the faculty of the Georgetown University Hospital, PGIMER, IIT Madras and as director of SCTIMST. Subsequently, Valiathan became the first Vice-Chancellor of Manipal University in 1994.
In the first model, the major and minor struts were electron-beam welded and the valve was expected to withstand 360 million cycles of disc movement. Unfortunately, the major strut fractured at the weld after a mere 100,000 cycles due to weld embrittlement. In the second model, the disk was made of single crystal of sapphire which was inert and blood-compatible. The housing was carved out of a block of titanium. This model failed as well because of extensive wear of titanium struts and the escape of the disc. The third model had a housing made of a highly wear-resistant superalloy, "Haynes-25", a cobalt-based alloy of chromium, nickel and tungsten. This model went through all the tests successfully and several sheep with the implanted valve were alive and well for months until the death of one animal at 3 months after valve implantation. Necropsy showed that the sapphire disc had fractured and caused the death of the animal. This was a major setback in the quest for a cheap, locally made heart valve.
However the fourth model was a success and more than 100,000 valves have been implanted in patients (until 2016).The multidisciplinary team at the Sree Chitra Institute led by Valiathan also developed a vascular graft and a series of disposable devices such as blood bags, oxygenators and cardiotomy reservoirs, which are in commercial production in industrial units in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
After about twenty years at Sri Chitra, Valiathan became the vice-chancellor of the newly set up Manipal University (then MAHE, Manipal Academy of Higher Education). He held this office until 1999.
In the year 1999, he was awarded a Senior Fellowship by the Homi Bhabha Council to pursue a study of Caraka, which culminated in the publication of the book "The Legacy of Caraka". Later on, as a National Research Professor, he carried out a study of Sushruta and Vagbhata and completed the series of Legacy volumes on the 'Great Three' of Ayurveda.
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M. S. Valiathan
Marthanda Varma Sankaran Valiathan (24 May 1934 – 17 July 2024) was an Indian cardiac surgeon. He was a president of the Indian National Science Academy and a National Research Professor of the Government of India.
Valiathan was awarded the Padma Vibushan in 2005 for his contributions to health technology in India. He was made a Chevalier in the Ordre des Palmes académiques, an honour bestowed by France, in 1999. He received the Dr. Samuel P. Asper International Award from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2009 for his contributions to international medical education.
He was born on 24 May 1934 at Mavelikkara, Travancore (in present-day Alappuzha district), to Marthanda Varma and Janaki Varma. His early education was at a government school in Mavelikkara, followed by the University College, Thiruvananthapuram. Valiathan's medical education took place at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, where he obtained his MBBS (1951–56). He later went to the University of Liverpool as a surgical trainee and received his fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and England in 1960 and master's degree in surgery from the University of Liverpool. After a brief stint as a faculty member at the PGIMER Chandigarh, he underwent further training in cardiac surgery at the Johns Hopkins, George Washington, and Georgetown University Hospitals and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in 1970. He worked as a Fellow of Doctors Vincent L. Gott at the Hopkins and Charles A. Hufnagel at the Georgetown University.
Valiathan served on the faculty of the Georgetown University Hospital, PGIMER, IIT Madras and as director of SCTIMST. Subsequently, Valiathan became the first Vice-Chancellor of Manipal University in 1994.
In the first model, the major and minor struts were electron-beam welded and the valve was expected to withstand 360 million cycles of disc movement. Unfortunately, the major strut fractured at the weld after a mere 100,000 cycles due to weld embrittlement. In the second model, the disk was made of single crystal of sapphire which was inert and blood-compatible. The housing was carved out of a block of titanium. This model failed as well because of extensive wear of titanium struts and the escape of the disc. The third model had a housing made of a highly wear-resistant superalloy, "Haynes-25", a cobalt-based alloy of chromium, nickel and tungsten. This model went through all the tests successfully and several sheep with the implanted valve were alive and well for months until the death of one animal at 3 months after valve implantation. Necropsy showed that the sapphire disc had fractured and caused the death of the animal. This was a major setback in the quest for a cheap, locally made heart valve.
However the fourth model was a success and more than 100,000 valves have been implanted in patients (until 2016).The multidisciplinary team at the Sree Chitra Institute led by Valiathan also developed a vascular graft and a series of disposable devices such as blood bags, oxygenators and cardiotomy reservoirs, which are in commercial production in industrial units in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
After about twenty years at Sri Chitra, Valiathan became the vice-chancellor of the newly set up Manipal University (then MAHE, Manipal Academy of Higher Education). He held this office until 1999.
In the year 1999, he was awarded a Senior Fellowship by the Homi Bhabha Council to pursue a study of Caraka, which culminated in the publication of the book "The Legacy of Caraka". Later on, as a National Research Professor, he carried out a study of Sushruta and Vagbhata and completed the series of Legacy volumes on the 'Great Three' of Ayurveda.
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