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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is an entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine and MDxx families that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug. It is usually taken orally.
In terms of its pharmacology, MDA is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It has a duration of 5 to 8 hours.
MDA has a long history of psychotherapeutic and recreational use that predates that of MDMA, dating back to at least the mid-1960s. It has been described as the first entactogen. MDA has also been described as probably the most popular analogue of MDMA. In most countries, the drug is a controlled substance and its possession and sale are illegal.
MDA is bought, sold, and used as a recreational drug due to its enhancement of mood and empathy. It produces MDMA-like effects, including entactogenic and stimulant effects, as well as mild psychedelic effects.
The dose range of MDA given in Alexander Shulgin's book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and other sources is 80 to 160 mg. A wider recreational dose range for MDA of 20 to 200 mg or more, with a typical dose estimate of 90 mg, has also been reported. The dose range of MDA is very similar to that of MDMA.
The effects of MDA include euphoria, empathy, emotional amplification, relaxation, feeling at peace with the world, increased introspection, self-awareness, and acceptance, authenticity, clarity of thought, a desire to communicate with others and relate personal issues, and emotional bonding with others. These effects led to MDA being called the "love drug" or "hug drug". MDA also produces mild psychedelic effects, including brightened colors, closed-eye visuals or complex mental imagery, synaesthesia, and rarely mild hallucinations. It does not produce profound sensory disruption or overt hallucinations. In any case, the drug has still been found to produce mystical or spiritual experiences.
MDA shares most of MDMA's qualitative and emotional effects, including entactogenic and stimulant effects. However, it has been said to be slightly less stimulating than MDMA. In addition, MDA's hallucinogenic effects are much greater than those of MDMA, although still less than those of classical psychedelics like psilocybin. Another difference between the two drugs is that MDA appears to produce a more introverted and emotionally intense prosocial state, while MDMA encourages a more extroverted and gregarious prosocial state.
Besides its psychoactive effects, MDA produces sympathomimetic effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, among other physiological effects.
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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is an entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine and MDxx families that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug. It is usually taken orally.
In terms of its pharmacology, MDA is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It has a duration of 5 to 8 hours.
MDA has a long history of psychotherapeutic and recreational use that predates that of MDMA, dating back to at least the mid-1960s. It has been described as the first entactogen. MDA has also been described as probably the most popular analogue of MDMA. In most countries, the drug is a controlled substance and its possession and sale are illegal.
MDA is bought, sold, and used as a recreational drug due to its enhancement of mood and empathy. It produces MDMA-like effects, including entactogenic and stimulant effects, as well as mild psychedelic effects.
The dose range of MDA given in Alexander Shulgin's book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and other sources is 80 to 160 mg. A wider recreational dose range for MDA of 20 to 200 mg or more, with a typical dose estimate of 90 mg, has also been reported. The dose range of MDA is very similar to that of MDMA.
The effects of MDA include euphoria, empathy, emotional amplification, relaxation, feeling at peace with the world, increased introspection, self-awareness, and acceptance, authenticity, clarity of thought, a desire to communicate with others and relate personal issues, and emotional bonding with others. These effects led to MDA being called the "love drug" or "hug drug". MDA also produces mild psychedelic effects, including brightened colors, closed-eye visuals or complex mental imagery, synaesthesia, and rarely mild hallucinations. It does not produce profound sensory disruption or overt hallucinations. In any case, the drug has still been found to produce mystical or spiritual experiences.
MDA shares most of MDMA's qualitative and emotional effects, including entactogenic and stimulant effects. However, it has been said to be slightly less stimulating than MDMA. In addition, MDA's hallucinogenic effects are much greater than those of MDMA, although still less than those of classical psychedelics like psilocybin. Another difference between the two drugs is that MDA appears to produce a more introverted and emotionally intense prosocial state, while MDMA encourages a more extroverted and gregarious prosocial state.
Besides its psychoactive effects, MDA produces sympathomimetic effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, among other physiological effects.
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