Madhupur subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Deoghar district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

As a result of the Santhal rebellion, Act XXXVII of 1855 was passed by the British Raj, and a separate district called Santhal Pargana was carved out of parts of Birbhum and Bhagalpur districts. Santhal Pargana had four sub-districts – Dumka, Godda, Deoghar and Rajmahal. Subsequently, Santal Pargana district comprised Dumka, Deoghar, Sahibganj, Godda, Pakur and Jamtara sub-divisions. In 1983 Deoghar, Sahibganj and Godda subdivisions were given district status.

Deoghar district has two subdivisions: Deoghar and Madhupur. Madhupur, Margomunda, Karon, Sarath, Palojori community development blocks and Madhupur town are in Madhupur subdivision.

The overall administration of Madhupur subdivision is headed by the Sub-divisional Officer (SDO), also known as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM), who is typically an officer the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) or Jharkhand Administrative Service (JAS), appointed by Jharkhand state government. The SDM acts as the chief executive magistrate of the subdivision and is responsible for maintaining law and order, overseeing revenue collection, and coordinating various government departments and development schemes within the region. The office plays a crucial role in ensuring effective governance at the sub-district level and acts as a vital link between the district administration and the local bodies.

Within the subdivision, Madhupur Municipality functions as the key urban local body governing the subdivision, overseeing civic administration and infrastructure in the town of Madhupur and its nearby area. It manages services like water supply, sanitation, waste management and local roads across 23 wards and also handles key documents like issuing birth and death certificates, trade licenses, tax collection, building permissions and other statutory work.

Note: The website of the district administration mentions two subdivisions with their names, but does not mention the names of the CD blocks in each subdivision. The District Census Handbook, Deoghar, mentions only 8 CD blocks (4 in each subdivision), and leaves out 2 CD blocks. According to the map of the district, among the two left out blocks, it seems logical that Sonaraithari CD block is in Deoghar subdivision and Margomunda CD block is in Madhupur subdivision.

Deoghar district has two subdivisions:

According to the 2011 Census of India data, Madhupur subdivision, in Deoghar district, had a total population of 696,251. There were 358,608 (52%) males and 337,643 (48%) females. Scheduled castes numbered 77,962 (11.20%) and scheduled tribes numbered 101,443 (14.57%). Literacy rate was 46.28%.