Mathilde Françoise Panot (French pronunciation: [matild pano]; born 15 January 1989) is a French politician who has served as the president of the La France Insoumise group in the National Assembly since October 2021. She has also represented Val-de-Marne's 10th constituency in the National Assembly since 2017.

Mathilde Françoise Panot was born in Tours, France on 15 January 1989. Her father was an agriculturist and her mother was a teacher. Panot spent her childhood and teenage years in Saint-Pryvé-Saint-Mesmin. After taking a year of preparatory classes in humanities and the social sciences in Orléans, she was admitted to Sciences Po, where she studied Franco-German relations at its campus in Nancy. Panot travelled to Germany in her third year at the university and attended political events held by Die Linke in Berlin. She also became an activist with the Union Nationale des Étudiants de France, the largest student union in France. Panot graduated from Sciences Po with a master's degree in international relations in 2013.

Panot began her career as a volunteer with the anti-poverty organization ATD Quart Monde at the age of 18 as part of a school project. She later described the work as a way of "constructively expressing her anger" at a "fucked up world that leaves people to die while they live in the world's fifth largest economy." Panot then became a team manager at the social enterprise VoisinMalin, working in the low-income housing estate of La Grande Borne in Grigny. There, she took part in community organizing on issues including breast cancer screening, postal banking and the elimination of bed bugs.

In 2006, Panot became involved in the nationwide movement protesting the First Employment Contract. She then received an offer to join the Left Front's office at Sciences Po for the 2012 French presidential election. Despite initially feeling like she did not belong in the party, Panot ultimately accepted the position. Following her graduation in 2013, Panot struggled to find a job due to her background in left-wing activism. She eventually accepted an offer from Left Front politician Danielle Simonnet to join her campaign for the Council of Paris in the 2014 municipal election.

Panot was elected to the National Assembly in Val-de-Marne's 10th constituency during the 2017 French legislative elections, defeating La République en Marche candidate Sheerazed Boulkroun with 52.2% of the vote. There, she became a member of the Sustainable Development, Spatial and Regional Planning Committee. In October of 2017, Panot called for the creation of commissions of inquiry into public authorities' response to Hurricane Irma as well as France's role in the 1987 assassination of Thomas Sankara.

Panot is an advocate for "popular environmentalism" and led La France Insoumise's "Phase out nuclear for 100% renewables" campaign in 2018. In this role, she organized a nationwide poll on whether France should discontinue its use of nuclear power. The vote saw 314 530 individuals turn out online or at one of 2 000 in-person polling stations between 11 and 18 March 2018. 93 percent of respondents ultimately voted in favour of phasing out nuclear power, leading Panot to introduce a bill on the matter in the National Assembly.

Panot was the LFI candidate for president of the National Assembly following the appointment of incumbent François de Rugy to the second Philippe government, ultimately losing the election to Richard Ferrand on 12 September 2018. She also participated in a 2018 parliamentary inquiry into workplace safety at France's nuclear energy facilities, which found evidence of poor working conditions for the sector's 160 000 subcontractors. Panot introduced a bill to address this problem in September of 2019. On 4 June 2019, she protested the National Assembly's reduction of speaking time and amendment rights for minority parties by gagging herself with a scarf at the Assembly rostrum.

Panot was unanimously elected the first vice-president of the La France Insoumise group in the National Assembly on 18 June 2019. In September, she launched a "citizens' commission of inquiry into alternative forest management practices" alongside Reporterre journalist Gaspard d'Allens. The commission's work culminated in a bill that would ban clearcutting of forested areas larger than two hectares. The legislation was introduced to the Assembly on 22 July 2020 and was co-sponsored by the Ecology Democracy Solidarity, Communist, Agir Ensemble and Liberties & Territories groups.