Meyer London (December 29, 1871 – June 6, 1926) was a Lithuanian-born Jewish American lawyer and politician from New York City. He was legal counsel to the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union during the 1910 New York Cloakmakers strike. He represented the Lower East Side of Manhattan for two nonconsecutive terms and was one of only two members of the Socialist Party of America elected to the United States Congress. His opposition to American entry into World War I and his refusal to introduce a congressional resolution supporting the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine created controversy that limited his political career.

London was born in Kalvarija, Lithuania (then part of the Russian Empire) on December 29, 1871. Meyer's father, Efraim London, was a former Talmudic scholar who had become politically revolutionary and philosophically agnostic, while his mother had remained a devotee of Judaism. His father had established himself as a grain merchant in Zenkov, a small town located in the Poltava province of Ukraine, but his financial situation was poor, and in 1888 his father immigrated with Meyer's younger brother to the United States, leaving Meyer behind.

Meyer attended Cheder, a traditional Jewish primary school in which he learned Hebrew, before entering Russian-language schools to begin his secular education. In 1891, when Meyer was 20, the family decided to follow his father to America so Meyer terminated his studies and departed for New York City, taking up residence in the city's largely Jewish Lower East Side.

In America, Meyer's father had become a commercial printer, doing jobs in the Yiddish, Russian, and English languages and publishing his own radical weekly called Morgenstern. Efraim London's shop was a hub of activity, bringing together Jewish radical intellectuals from throughout the city, many of whom met and influenced the printer's son with their ideas.

Meyer earned money as a tutor, taking on pupils at irregular hours and teaching literature and other topics. He later obtained a job as a librarian, a position which allowed him sufficient time to read about history and politics and to study law in his free time. Meyer also frequented radical meetings, gradually developing proficiency as a public speaker and participant in public debates.

In 1896, London was accepted to the law school of New York University, attending most of his classes at night. He completed the program and was admitted to the bar in New York in 1898, becoming a labor lawyer, taking on cases which fought injunctions or defending the rights of tenants against the transgressions of landlords. London did not handle criminal cases, but rather limited himself to matters of civil law.

In the 1890s, London joined the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP), standing as its candidate for New York State Assembly in 1896. He was attracted by Eugene V. Debs and his new Social Democracy of America (SDA) and resigned from the SLP to help establish Local Branch No. 1 of the Social Democracy in New York in 1897. He was a delegate to the June 1898 convention of SDA in Chicago and was one of the political action-oriented minority which bolted the June 1898 convention to establish the Social Democratic Party of America (SDP) following a dispute over the strategy of socialist colonization.

In 1898, London again ran for New York Assembly in the old 4th Assembly District, this time as the candidate of the SDP.