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Michel Pablo AI simulator
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Michel Pablo AI simulator
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Michel Pablo
Michel Pablo (/ˈpɑːbloʊ/; Greek: Μισέλ Πάμπλο; 24 August 1911 – 17 February 1996) was the pseudonym of Michalis N. Raptis (Μιχάλης Ν. Ράπτης), a Trotskyist leader of Greek origin.
Pablo studied at the National Technical University of Athens and continued at the University of Paris, specializing in urban planning.
Pablo joined the Trotskyist faction of the Archeio-Marxist party KOMLEA in 1928. In 1930, a group led by him split from KOMLEA and formed the Communist Unification Group (Κομμουνιστική Ενωτική Ομάδα, ΚΕΟ, KEO), which had Trotskyist leanings and renounced Archeio-Marxism. KEO, after failing to merge with the Trotskyist group Spartacus League (led by Pandelis Pouliopoulos), was renamed in 1932 (following the involvement of Agis Stinas, who had been expelled from the KKE) to LAKKE. In 1933, Stinas left the group, and in 1934, LAKKE merged with Spartacus to form the OKDE.
During the 4th of August Regime (1936–1941) of Ioannis Metaxas, Pablo was arrested and exiled in the Aegean island of Folegandros. There he was not admitted by the orthodox communists, also in exile, so he joined the company of cattle and horse thieves, who at that time were punished with exile. In Folegandros, he met his future wife, Elli Dyovounioti (Ελλη Δυοβουνιώτη). In 1937, he was transferred to Acronauplia and was eventually deported to Paris, France, with his wife. There, Pablo assumed his pseudonym (he had previously been known by his birth name, Raptis) and represented the Greek Trotskyist group EOKDE (formerly OKDE) at the founding conference of the Fourth International (its First World-Congress), held just outside Paris in September 1938.
When Nazi Germany occupied France in 1940, Pablo stayed in Paris, where he organized illegal propaganda and was involved in the reconstruction and reunification of the French Trotskyist movement, which was operating underground into the Provisional European Secretariat of the Fourth International.
By 1944, Pablo was fully involved with the movement and was elected the General Secretary of its European Bureau, which had re-established contact between the Trotskyist parties. As leader of the European Bureau, Pablo also played a key role in re-unifying, re-centralising and re-orienting the Fourth International (FI).
In July 1946, he visited Greece to help convene the Unification Congress of the Greek Trotskyist groups in Penteli, which successfully reunified the two main Trotskyist parties, EDKE (formerly EOKDE) and (Agis Stinas') DEKE, into KDKE.
Pablo and Ernest Mandel were instrumental in winning the FI to a position that asserted that the Eastern European states conquered by the Soviet Armed Forces in 1944–45 had by 1948 become what they described as deformed workers' states.
Michel Pablo
Michel Pablo (/ˈpɑːbloʊ/; Greek: Μισέλ Πάμπλο; 24 August 1911 – 17 February 1996) was the pseudonym of Michalis N. Raptis (Μιχάλης Ν. Ράπτης), a Trotskyist leader of Greek origin.
Pablo studied at the National Technical University of Athens and continued at the University of Paris, specializing in urban planning.
Pablo joined the Trotskyist faction of the Archeio-Marxist party KOMLEA in 1928. In 1930, a group led by him split from KOMLEA and formed the Communist Unification Group (Κομμουνιστική Ενωτική Ομάδα, ΚΕΟ, KEO), which had Trotskyist leanings and renounced Archeio-Marxism. KEO, after failing to merge with the Trotskyist group Spartacus League (led by Pandelis Pouliopoulos), was renamed in 1932 (following the involvement of Agis Stinas, who had been expelled from the KKE) to LAKKE. In 1933, Stinas left the group, and in 1934, LAKKE merged with Spartacus to form the OKDE.
During the 4th of August Regime (1936–1941) of Ioannis Metaxas, Pablo was arrested and exiled in the Aegean island of Folegandros. There he was not admitted by the orthodox communists, also in exile, so he joined the company of cattle and horse thieves, who at that time were punished with exile. In Folegandros, he met his future wife, Elli Dyovounioti (Ελλη Δυοβουνιώτη). In 1937, he was transferred to Acronauplia and was eventually deported to Paris, France, with his wife. There, Pablo assumed his pseudonym (he had previously been known by his birth name, Raptis) and represented the Greek Trotskyist group EOKDE (formerly OKDE) at the founding conference of the Fourth International (its First World-Congress), held just outside Paris in September 1938.
When Nazi Germany occupied France in 1940, Pablo stayed in Paris, where he organized illegal propaganda and was involved in the reconstruction and reunification of the French Trotskyist movement, which was operating underground into the Provisional European Secretariat of the Fourth International.
By 1944, Pablo was fully involved with the movement and was elected the General Secretary of its European Bureau, which had re-established contact between the Trotskyist parties. As leader of the European Bureau, Pablo also played a key role in re-unifying, re-centralising and re-orienting the Fourth International (FI).
In July 1946, he visited Greece to help convene the Unification Congress of the Greek Trotskyist groups in Penteli, which successfully reunified the two main Trotskyist parties, EDKE (formerly EOKDE) and (Agis Stinas') DEKE, into KDKE.
Pablo and Ernest Mandel were instrumental in winning the FI to a position that asserted that the Eastern European states conquered by the Soviet Armed Forces in 1944–45 had by 1948 become what they described as deformed workers' states.