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Morrill Land-Grant Acts
The Morrill Land-Grant Acts are United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U.S. states, focusing on agricultural and mechanical studies.
The Morrill Act of 1862 (12 Stat. 503 (1862) later codified as 7 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.) was enacted during the American Civil War, and the Morrill Act of 1890 (the Agricultural College Act of 1890 (26 Stat. 417, later codified as 7 U.S.C. § 321 et seq.)) expanded this model.
The idea of publicly-funded agricultural colleges had existed for the duration of the United States. For most of the early 19th-century, the idea was prevalent among the Whig Party and what would become the Midwest. President George Washington called for public support of agricultural education in his 1796 address to Congress.
The idea to fund agricultural colleges with public land appropriations was championed by agriculturist and professor Jonathan Baldwin Turner of Illinois College in the 1830s.
Efforts for a federal bill were stymied by antebellum politics. Southern legislators blocked attempts for an agricultural college bill. However, some Northern states introduced and funded their own, years prior to the national bill.
The Michigan Constitution of 1850 called for the creation of an "agricultural school", though it was not until February 12, 1855, that Michigan governor Kinsley S. Bingham signed a bill establishing the United States' first agriculture college, the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, known today as Michigan State University, which served as a model for the Morrill Act.
On February 8, 1853, the Illinois Legislature adopted a resolution, drafted by Turner, calling for the Illinois congressional delegation to work to enact a land-grant bill to fund a system of industrial colleges, one in each state. Senator Lyman Trumbull of Illinois believed it was advisable that the bill should be introduced by an eastern congressman, and two months later Representative Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont introduced his bill.
Unlike the Turner Plan, which provided an equal grant to each state, the Morrill bill allocated land based on the number of senators and representatives each state had in Congress. This was more advantageous to the more populous eastern states.
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Morrill Land-Grant Acts
The Morrill Land-Grant Acts are United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U.S. states, focusing on agricultural and mechanical studies.
The Morrill Act of 1862 (12 Stat. 503 (1862) later codified as 7 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.) was enacted during the American Civil War, and the Morrill Act of 1890 (the Agricultural College Act of 1890 (26 Stat. 417, later codified as 7 U.S.C. § 321 et seq.)) expanded this model.
The idea of publicly-funded agricultural colleges had existed for the duration of the United States. For most of the early 19th-century, the idea was prevalent among the Whig Party and what would become the Midwest. President George Washington called for public support of agricultural education in his 1796 address to Congress.
The idea to fund agricultural colleges with public land appropriations was championed by agriculturist and professor Jonathan Baldwin Turner of Illinois College in the 1830s.
Efforts for a federal bill were stymied by antebellum politics. Southern legislators blocked attempts for an agricultural college bill. However, some Northern states introduced and funded their own, years prior to the national bill.
The Michigan Constitution of 1850 called for the creation of an "agricultural school", though it was not until February 12, 1855, that Michigan governor Kinsley S. Bingham signed a bill establishing the United States' first agriculture college, the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, known today as Michigan State University, which served as a model for the Morrill Act.
On February 8, 1853, the Illinois Legislature adopted a resolution, drafted by Turner, calling for the Illinois congressional delegation to work to enact a land-grant bill to fund a system of industrial colleges, one in each state. Senator Lyman Trumbull of Illinois believed it was advisable that the bill should be introduced by an eastern congressman, and two months later Representative Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont introduced his bill.
Unlike the Turner Plan, which provided an equal grant to each state, the Morrill bill allocated land based on the number of senators and representatives each state had in Congress. This was more advantageous to the more populous eastern states.