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Moscow Theological Academy
Moscow Theological Academy (Russian: Московская духовная академия) is a higher educational institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, training clergy, teachers, scholars, and officials.
The Academy traces its origin to the Slavic Greek Latin Academy, which was founded in 1685 by the Greek Lichud brothers. It was reorganized in 1814 and moved from Moscow to the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in the town of Sergiyev Posad, Moscow Oblast. The academy was closed in 1919, and reopened in 1944.
In 1814, the Moscow Slavic Greek Latin Academy moved from Moscow to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The grand opening of the Academy in the Lavra took place on October 1, 1814. Now it has become known as the Moscow Theological Academy. The training at the Academy consisted of two two-year courses. At the opening of classes in 1814, the following subjects were read: interpretation of the Holy Scriptures, philosophy, world literature, general civil history, mathematics, languages: Hebrew, Greek, German, French and English. In 1816, lecturing of dogmatic theology was begun, since 1817 moral theology and comparative theology added. The program also included other subjects: pastoral theology, church eloquence, church history, canon law (since 1840), patristics (since 1841), metaphysics (since 1842), history of philosophy (since 1843), biblical history, Russian civil history, church archaeology (since 1844). In this form, the program lasted until 1869. Special importance was attached to the study of ancient languages: Greek and Latin, in the study of which students achieved considerable success.
From 1835 to 1841, the position of rector was held by Archimandrite Philaret (Gumilyevsky), who initiated the publication of the works of the Holy Fathers at the Moscow Theological Academy. In January 1842 first translations of the works of St. Gregory the Theologian was presented. At the same time "Additions to the works of the Holy Fathers" was created. Having begun systematic publishing activity with a series of patristic works, the Academy embarked on the path of revival of Orthodox theology. The "Additions" published articles of church-historical and theological content. This is the first scientific journal of the Academy. The Moscow Theological Academy also took part in the translation of the Bible into Russian.
The years of rectorship of Archpriest Alexander Gorsky, 1862-1875, became one of the most scientifically striking periods in the history of the Moscow Theological Academy. During this time preparation and implementation of the reforms of the 1860s could not but affect the life of religious educational institutions. George Florovsky wrote: "According to the new Charter, the Theological Academies were given a twofold task. It was supposed to be not only a theological higher school, but also a kind of pedagogical institute of the spiritual department. And the Academies did not so much prepare for pastoral work, as for pedagogical activity. Hence the inevitable multiplicity of subjects and dispersion. Other subjects were taught only then in order to prepare teachers for lower-level schools according to them." The academic Charter came into effect in 1869. The Charter of 1869 generally met the requirements of its time and helped Archpriest Alexander Gorsky to expediently direct the life of the Academy. Under Gorsky leadership, with the support of Metropolitan Innocent (Veniaminov) of Moscow, a church was built in the academic assembly hall in the building of the Royal Palaces, consecrated on February 12, 1870 in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. Following the church, Archpriest Alexander Gorsky achieved the creation of an academic cemetery on the territory of the Academy garden.
In 1884, a new Charter of theological academies was introduced. The Charter eliminated the autonomy of theological academies and seminaries, strengthening supervision of students. New trends in the life of the Academy were introduced by the rector Archimandrite Anthony (Khrapovitsky) (1890-1895), formerly the rector of the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. Under Archimandrite Anthony, in 1892, the publication of "Additions to the Works of the Holy Fathers" continued under the new name "Theological Bulletin" (Богословский вестник). Patristic creations have now been published as appendices to the new magazine.
On March 13, 1898, Archimandrite Arsenius (Stadnitsky) was appointed rector. On February 28, 1899, he was consecrated as titular bishop of Volokolamsk, vicar of the Diocese of Moscow, preserving the post of rector of the Academy. Since that time, the Academy has been regularly headed by a rector in the episcopal rank. In 1909 bishop Theodore (Pozdeevsky) became rector. In the late 19th — early 20th centuries, the issue of a new reform of theological schools was discussed in church circles. The reform of church education was also discussed in 1906 at the Pre-Council Presence. After an active discussion, the Most Holy Synod worked out a new statute, adopted in 1910 and supplemented in 1912.
From July 7 to July 14, 1917 the All-Russian Congress of Learned Monasticism gathered at the Academy. In September 1917, for the first time in the history of the Academy, the election of the rector took place. Anatoly Orlov, professor of the Department of History and Denunciation of Western Confessions, was elected rector. A month later, the newly elected rector was ordained a priest. The last remarkable event of academic life was the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the death of Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov), which took place on November 18 and 19, 1917.
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Moscow Theological Academy
Moscow Theological Academy (Russian: Московская духовная академия) is a higher educational institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, training clergy, teachers, scholars, and officials.
The Academy traces its origin to the Slavic Greek Latin Academy, which was founded in 1685 by the Greek Lichud brothers. It was reorganized in 1814 and moved from Moscow to the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in the town of Sergiyev Posad, Moscow Oblast. The academy was closed in 1919, and reopened in 1944.
In 1814, the Moscow Slavic Greek Latin Academy moved from Moscow to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The grand opening of the Academy in the Lavra took place on October 1, 1814. Now it has become known as the Moscow Theological Academy. The training at the Academy consisted of two two-year courses. At the opening of classes in 1814, the following subjects were read: interpretation of the Holy Scriptures, philosophy, world literature, general civil history, mathematics, languages: Hebrew, Greek, German, French and English. In 1816, lecturing of dogmatic theology was begun, since 1817 moral theology and comparative theology added. The program also included other subjects: pastoral theology, church eloquence, church history, canon law (since 1840), patristics (since 1841), metaphysics (since 1842), history of philosophy (since 1843), biblical history, Russian civil history, church archaeology (since 1844). In this form, the program lasted until 1869. Special importance was attached to the study of ancient languages: Greek and Latin, in the study of which students achieved considerable success.
From 1835 to 1841, the position of rector was held by Archimandrite Philaret (Gumilyevsky), who initiated the publication of the works of the Holy Fathers at the Moscow Theological Academy. In January 1842 first translations of the works of St. Gregory the Theologian was presented. At the same time "Additions to the works of the Holy Fathers" was created. Having begun systematic publishing activity with a series of patristic works, the Academy embarked on the path of revival of Orthodox theology. The "Additions" published articles of church-historical and theological content. This is the first scientific journal of the Academy. The Moscow Theological Academy also took part in the translation of the Bible into Russian.
The years of rectorship of Archpriest Alexander Gorsky, 1862-1875, became one of the most scientifically striking periods in the history of the Moscow Theological Academy. During this time preparation and implementation of the reforms of the 1860s could not but affect the life of religious educational institutions. George Florovsky wrote: "According to the new Charter, the Theological Academies were given a twofold task. It was supposed to be not only a theological higher school, but also a kind of pedagogical institute of the spiritual department. And the Academies did not so much prepare for pastoral work, as for pedagogical activity. Hence the inevitable multiplicity of subjects and dispersion. Other subjects were taught only then in order to prepare teachers for lower-level schools according to them." The academic Charter came into effect in 1869. The Charter of 1869 generally met the requirements of its time and helped Archpriest Alexander Gorsky to expediently direct the life of the Academy. Under Gorsky leadership, with the support of Metropolitan Innocent (Veniaminov) of Moscow, a church was built in the academic assembly hall in the building of the Royal Palaces, consecrated on February 12, 1870 in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. Following the church, Archpriest Alexander Gorsky achieved the creation of an academic cemetery on the territory of the Academy garden.
In 1884, a new Charter of theological academies was introduced. The Charter eliminated the autonomy of theological academies and seminaries, strengthening supervision of students. New trends in the life of the Academy were introduced by the rector Archimandrite Anthony (Khrapovitsky) (1890-1895), formerly the rector of the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. Under Archimandrite Anthony, in 1892, the publication of "Additions to the Works of the Holy Fathers" continued under the new name "Theological Bulletin" (Богословский вестник). Patristic creations have now been published as appendices to the new magazine.
On March 13, 1898, Archimandrite Arsenius (Stadnitsky) was appointed rector. On February 28, 1899, he was consecrated as titular bishop of Volokolamsk, vicar of the Diocese of Moscow, preserving the post of rector of the Academy. Since that time, the Academy has been regularly headed by a rector in the episcopal rank. In 1909 bishop Theodore (Pozdeevsky) became rector. In the late 19th — early 20th centuries, the issue of a new reform of theological schools was discussed in church circles. The reform of church education was also discussed in 1906 at the Pre-Council Presence. After an active discussion, the Most Holy Synod worked out a new statute, adopted in 1910 and supplemented in 1912.
From July 7 to July 14, 1917 the All-Russian Congress of Learned Monasticism gathered at the Academy. In September 1917, for the first time in the history of the Academy, the election of the rector took place. Anatoly Orlov, professor of the Department of History and Denunciation of Western Confessions, was elected rector. A month later, the newly elected rector was ordained a priest. The last remarkable event of academic life was the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the death of Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov), which took place on November 18 and 19, 1917.