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Moscow Victory Day Parade
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Moscow Victory Day Parade
The Moscow Victory Day Parade (Russian: Парад Победы в Москве, romanized: Parad Pobedy v Moskve) is an annual military parade of the Russian Armed Forces on Moscow's Red Square on 9 May during the Victory Day celebrations. The most important parade of those being held on 9 May is the one held on Moscow's Red Square, with the President of Russia as the guest of honor and keynote speaker in virtue of his constitutional mandate as Supreme Commander of the Russian Armed Forces. The parade is a commemoration of the capitulation of Nazi Germany to the Red Army, marking the end of the Eastern Front of World War II, known in Russia as the Great Patriotic War.
According to anthropologist Sergey Ushakin, modern victory parades are intended to demonstrate the direct and immediate connection of the present with the past and to materialize the connection between generations. Longtime parade commander Oleg Salyukov described them as a "celebration for people, not [a] show of militarism" referring to accusations of the parade being used as show of Russian military might.
Held only four times during the Soviet era (immediately after the end of World War II in 1945, and again for the 20th, 40th, and 45th anniversaries of victory), the parade has been an annual event in the Russian Federation since 1995.
The first military parade on Red Square in honor of the defeat of Nazi Germany took place with the participation of the Soviet Armed Forces and a guest appearance by a small detachment from the First Polish Army on 24 June 1945. It was the longest and largest parade in the Soviet capital, lasting hours and utilizing 40,000 Red Army soldiers as well as 1,850 military vehicles. It took place over a month after the victory actually took place on 9 May, the day of Germany's surrender. Intensive preparations for the parade took place in late May and early June in Moscow. The preliminary rehearsal of the Victory Parade took place at Khodynka Aerodrome, and the general rehearsal on Red Square on 22 June. The day after the parade, a reception was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in honor of the participants in the Victory Parade. After the 1945 parade, Victory Day became obsolete in the Soviet Union, with parades only being held on major jubilee, in part to favor the October Revolution Day parade which took place every year in the autumn. In the decades that followed, three parades were held: in 1965, 1985, and 1990.
Parades were not held between 1991 and 1994, partly because First Deputy Prime Minister Gennady Burbulis thought of it as impractical primarily based on the state of the country at that time, particularly in terms of costs and expenses. The Victory Day Parade of 1995 was held to commemorate the golden jubilee of the Soviet victory in the war. It was the first one held in the newly formed Russian Federation, taking place 4 years after the fall of the Soviet Union. The parade was divided into two parts, a full military parade on Poklonnaya Hill and a veterans ceremony on Red Square. Since then it began to be held every year on 9 May except during the 2020 edition of the parade marking the 75th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany, which was postponed to 24 June due to the coronavirus pandemic. In April 2026, the Kremlin announced that Russia would hold a different version of the parade without the usual display of military equipment due to concerns over Ukrainian attacks.
On the morning of the parade, an estimated 14,000 military personnel, including a regiment of female cadets and youth cadets, assemble by battalions on the square together with the more than 210 vehicles and 3,800 vehicle crews assembled on Tverskaya Street just north of the Manezhnaya Square, Moscow, during the major parades a battalion or company of historical Red Army vehicles, estimated at around 36 vehicles and composed of just the T-34, GAZ-67 and the SU-100 plus the optional BM-13N (or at around an estimated 480 when counting other vehicles of the war which would take part just like in the parades of 1985 and 1990) assemble on the street as well with modern military hardware of the Armed Forces and the National Guard (and optionally by the other uniformed organizations). At the air bases outside Moscow (in areas like Kubinka), more than 88 aircraft are assembled with their aircrews for the flypast segment.
The celebrations begin at 9:55 am Moscow Standard Time with the arrival of the President and the Prime Minister of Russia to a special grandstand in front of Lenin's Mausoleum, where six of the past parades were reviewed by national leaders. They greet the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, service commanders, deputy ministers in the Ministry of Defence and commanders of the support units within the Armed Forces, together with veterans, veterans' families and representatives of the Suvorov and Nakhimov Schools assembled. To the left and right of the grandstand are the stands wherein veterans, veterans' families and descendants and families of personnel killed in action are gathered. In between the grandstand to the south of the stands are two platoons of armed linemen and markers from the 154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment in the Imperial-styled military uniforms and some unarmed half-companies of the Kremlin Regiment, both of which would be later taking post to mark the distance of the troops marching past and to line the square's western side facing the Kremlin together with extra drum majors from the Band Service, which are there to coordinate the march past to be timed in with the music of the bands since the parade of 1995. At the square, the parade commander (usually a Colonel General or rarely a General of the Army with the billet of Commander of the Ground Forces or as the Deputy Chief of General Staff) takes his place in a special an Aurus Senat armored limousine (formerly a Zil until 2018), having just received the report on the readiness of the parade from the commandant of the Combined Arms Academy who is a general officer.
In the seconds prior to the parade, the announcer traditionally says the following: "Attention, this is Moscow speaking and showing. Listen to and watch Red Square. This is the Victory Parade in honor of the (insert anniversary year) anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945!". As the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin sounds the chimes at 10 am the parade commander orders the parade to present arms as the 154th PICR's 1st Honor Guard Company Colour Guard, to the melody of The Sacred War being played by the Massed Bands, marches into the square and past the dignitaries with guard carrying both the Flag of Russia and the Victory Banner. As the colour guards approach the grandstand, the colour officers execute eyes left and resume above face after passing by. This is followed by the parade being commanded to stand at ease after the colours take their place at the northwest end of the square fronting the State Historical Museum, besides the colour of the Armed Forces. Then the Minister of Defence (either a civilian or a general officer, usually a billet of a General of the Army if for the latter) is driven on the limousine to the center of the square nearest the official tribune, the parade presenting arms again at this point. The parade commander informs him of the readiness of the parade to be inspected. The following report is given:
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Moscow Victory Day Parade
The Moscow Victory Day Parade (Russian: Парад Победы в Москве, romanized: Parad Pobedy v Moskve) is an annual military parade of the Russian Armed Forces on Moscow's Red Square on 9 May during the Victory Day celebrations. The most important parade of those being held on 9 May is the one held on Moscow's Red Square, with the President of Russia as the guest of honor and keynote speaker in virtue of his constitutional mandate as Supreme Commander of the Russian Armed Forces. The parade is a commemoration of the capitulation of Nazi Germany to the Red Army, marking the end of the Eastern Front of World War II, known in Russia as the Great Patriotic War.
According to anthropologist Sergey Ushakin, modern victory parades are intended to demonstrate the direct and immediate connection of the present with the past and to materialize the connection between generations. Longtime parade commander Oleg Salyukov described them as a "celebration for people, not [a] show of militarism" referring to accusations of the parade being used as show of Russian military might.
Held only four times during the Soviet era (immediately after the end of World War II in 1945, and again for the 20th, 40th, and 45th anniversaries of victory), the parade has been an annual event in the Russian Federation since 1995.
The first military parade on Red Square in honor of the defeat of Nazi Germany took place with the participation of the Soviet Armed Forces and a guest appearance by a small detachment from the First Polish Army on 24 June 1945. It was the longest and largest parade in the Soviet capital, lasting hours and utilizing 40,000 Red Army soldiers as well as 1,850 military vehicles. It took place over a month after the victory actually took place on 9 May, the day of Germany's surrender. Intensive preparations for the parade took place in late May and early June in Moscow. The preliminary rehearsal of the Victory Parade took place at Khodynka Aerodrome, and the general rehearsal on Red Square on 22 June. The day after the parade, a reception was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in honor of the participants in the Victory Parade. After the 1945 parade, Victory Day became obsolete in the Soviet Union, with parades only being held on major jubilee, in part to favor the October Revolution Day parade which took place every year in the autumn. In the decades that followed, three parades were held: in 1965, 1985, and 1990.
Parades were not held between 1991 and 1994, partly because First Deputy Prime Minister Gennady Burbulis thought of it as impractical primarily based on the state of the country at that time, particularly in terms of costs and expenses. The Victory Day Parade of 1995 was held to commemorate the golden jubilee of the Soviet victory in the war. It was the first one held in the newly formed Russian Federation, taking place 4 years after the fall of the Soviet Union. The parade was divided into two parts, a full military parade on Poklonnaya Hill and a veterans ceremony on Red Square. Since then it began to be held every year on 9 May except during the 2020 edition of the parade marking the 75th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany, which was postponed to 24 June due to the coronavirus pandemic. In April 2026, the Kremlin announced that Russia would hold a different version of the parade without the usual display of military equipment due to concerns over Ukrainian attacks.
On the morning of the parade, an estimated 14,000 military personnel, including a regiment of female cadets and youth cadets, assemble by battalions on the square together with the more than 210 vehicles and 3,800 vehicle crews assembled on Tverskaya Street just north of the Manezhnaya Square, Moscow, during the major parades a battalion or company of historical Red Army vehicles, estimated at around 36 vehicles and composed of just the T-34, GAZ-67 and the SU-100 plus the optional BM-13N (or at around an estimated 480 when counting other vehicles of the war which would take part just like in the parades of 1985 and 1990) assemble on the street as well with modern military hardware of the Armed Forces and the National Guard (and optionally by the other uniformed organizations). At the air bases outside Moscow (in areas like Kubinka), more than 88 aircraft are assembled with their aircrews for the flypast segment.
The celebrations begin at 9:55 am Moscow Standard Time with the arrival of the President and the Prime Minister of Russia to a special grandstand in front of Lenin's Mausoleum, where six of the past parades were reviewed by national leaders. They greet the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, service commanders, deputy ministers in the Ministry of Defence and commanders of the support units within the Armed Forces, together with veterans, veterans' families and representatives of the Suvorov and Nakhimov Schools assembled. To the left and right of the grandstand are the stands wherein veterans, veterans' families and descendants and families of personnel killed in action are gathered. In between the grandstand to the south of the stands are two platoons of armed linemen and markers from the 154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment in the Imperial-styled military uniforms and some unarmed half-companies of the Kremlin Regiment, both of which would be later taking post to mark the distance of the troops marching past and to line the square's western side facing the Kremlin together with extra drum majors from the Band Service, which are there to coordinate the march past to be timed in with the music of the bands since the parade of 1995. At the square, the parade commander (usually a Colonel General or rarely a General of the Army with the billet of Commander of the Ground Forces or as the Deputy Chief of General Staff) takes his place in a special an Aurus Senat armored limousine (formerly a Zil until 2018), having just received the report on the readiness of the parade from the commandant of the Combined Arms Academy who is a general officer.
In the seconds prior to the parade, the announcer traditionally says the following: "Attention, this is Moscow speaking and showing. Listen to and watch Red Square. This is the Victory Parade in honor of the (insert anniversary year) anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945!". As the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin sounds the chimes at 10 am the parade commander orders the parade to present arms as the 154th PICR's 1st Honor Guard Company Colour Guard, to the melody of The Sacred War being played by the Massed Bands, marches into the square and past the dignitaries with guard carrying both the Flag of Russia and the Victory Banner. As the colour guards approach the grandstand, the colour officers execute eyes left and resume above face after passing by. This is followed by the parade being commanded to stand at ease after the colours take their place at the northwest end of the square fronting the State Historical Museum, besides the colour of the Armed Forces. Then the Minister of Defence (either a civilian or a general officer, usually a billet of a General of the Army if for the latter) is driven on the limousine to the center of the square nearest the official tribune, the parade presenting arms again at this point. The parade commander informs him of the readiness of the parade to be inspected. The following report is given:
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