Mot (god)

Mot, also known as Maweth, (Phoenician: 𐤌𐤕 mūt, Hebrew: מות māweṯ, Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎚) was the Canaanite god of death and the Underworld. He was also known to the people of Ugarit and in Phoenicia, where Canaanite religion was widespread. The main source of information about Mot in Canaanite mythology comes from the texts discovered at Ugarit, but he is also mentioned in the surviving fragments of Philo of Byblos's Greek translation of the writings of the Phoenician Sanchuniathon.

In Ugaritic myth, Mot (spelled mt) is a personification of death. The word belongs to a set of cognates meaning 'death' in other Semitic and Afro-Asiatic languages: Arabic موت mawt; Hebrew מות (mot or mavet; ancient Hebrew muth or maveth/maweth); Maltese mewt; Syriac ܡܰܘܬܳܐ (mautā); Ge'ez ሞት (mot); Canaanite, Egyptian, Berber, Aramaic, Nabataean, and Palmyrene מות (mwt); Jewish Aramaic, Christian Palestinian Aramaic, and Samaritan מותא (mwt’); Mandaean muta; Akkadian 𒍗 (mūtu); Hausa mutuwa; and Angas mut.

The main source of the story of Mot ("Death") is Ugaritic. He is a son of 'El, and according to instructions given by the god Hadad (Ba'al) to his messengers, lives in a city named hmry ('Mirey'), a pit is his throne, and Filth is the land of his heritage. But Ba'al warns them:

that you not come near to divine Death,
lest he make you like a lamb in his mouth,
(and) you both be carried away like a kid in the breach of his windpipe.

Hadad seems to be urging Mot to come to his feast and submit himself to him.

Death sends back a message that his appetite is that of lions in the wilderness, like the longing of dolphins in the sea, and he threatens to devour Ba'al himself. In a subsequent passage, Death seemingly makes good his threat, or at least is deceived into believing he has slain Ba'al. Numerous gaps in the text make this portion of the tale obscure. The sun stops shining as its goddess Shapash joins Ba'al's sister 'Anat in burying him. 'Anat then comes upon Mot, seizing him, splitting him with a blade, winnowing him in a sieve, burning him in a fire, grinding him under a millstone, and throwing what remains in the end over a field for birds to devour.

El, Baal's father, dreams that Baal is alive and sends Shapash to bring him back to life because the land has become dry.

After seven years, Death returns, seeking vengeance and demanding one of Ba'al's brothers to feed upon. A gap in the text is followed by Mot complaining that Ba'al has given Mot his own brothers to eat and his mother's sons to consume. A single combat between the two breaks out until the sun goddess Shapash upbraids Mot, informing him that his own father, El, will turn against him and overturn his throne if he continues. Mot concedes, and the conflict ends.