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New Pact on Migration and Asylum
The New Pact on Migration and Asylum, also known as the EU Migration Pact or the EU Asylum and Migration Pact, is a set of new European Union rules concerning migration set to take effect in June 2026. It will compel member states to more evenly share the cost and efforts of hosting migrants and reform European Union asylum and border security procedures, among other provisions.
The European Commission initially proposed the Pact on 23 September 2020. The deal was agreed to on 20 December 2023 between representatives of the elected European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, made up of EU government ministers.
It passed the European Parliament on 10 April 2024, with narrow margins of around 30 votes on some provisions. The Council of the European Union approved the Pact on 14 May 2024, with Hungary and Poland voting against it.
The provisions of the Pact apply to migrants caught illegally crossing an external EU border, such as those reaching the shores of Greece, Italy or Spain via the Mediterranean Sea or Atlantic Ocean on boats provided by smugglers; estimated at around 300,000 migrants in 2023. Provisions do not apply to legal migrants to the EU (~3.5 million in 2023) and migrants who arrived legally but overstayed their visas (~700,000 in 2023).
The Pact will mandate that the same procedures and procedural standards apply to all asylum applicants across EU member states. The Pact stipulates that migrants illegally entering the EU will undergo identity, health and security checks, including biometric readings of faces and fingerprints, within seven days, with information stored on the newly created Eurodac database. The outcome of screening will be either an application for international protection such as asylum, or deportation.
People seeking asylum will have to apply in the EU nation they first enter and remain there until the country responsible for their application is determined. Asylum seekers from countries whose nationals' applications are approved less than 20% of the time will be fast-tracked in detention centers close to EU borders. This procedure should be done in 12 weeks, including time for one legal appeal if an asylum application is rejected, with a possible extension of eight weeks. Migrants from countries with higher acceptance rates will be able to pass through the regular asylum procedure, which will be shortened from its current length of years. A deportation issue is set to be issued automatically if an asylum request is refused. The Pact will allow for the speedier deportation of people to countries of origin or transit, if these have been declared safe.
The Dublin III Regulation, which determines which member state is responsible for processing any individual asylum application, will be reformed. Countries where migrants first arrive will newly be able to relocate a total of up to 30,000 migrants per year to other EU member states. The Pact will institute a "mandatory solidarity mechanism" where all EU countries must either physically host asylum seekers, or assist in other ways such as financially or by providing extra personnel. A country can pay 20,000 Euros for every migrant it does not accept under the mechanism.
Ireland and Denmark had opt-outs from participating in the Pact. Ireland notified the EU of its intention to opt-in to seven of the legislative components of the pact, which was approved by the European Commission in July 2024. Denmark notified the EU that it would apply three of the legislative components of the pact on 11 June 2024, as they were amendments to existing bilateral agreements between the EU and Denmark.
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New Pact on Migration and Asylum
The New Pact on Migration and Asylum, also known as the EU Migration Pact or the EU Asylum and Migration Pact, is a set of new European Union rules concerning migration set to take effect in June 2026. It will compel member states to more evenly share the cost and efforts of hosting migrants and reform European Union asylum and border security procedures, among other provisions.
The European Commission initially proposed the Pact on 23 September 2020. The deal was agreed to on 20 December 2023 between representatives of the elected European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, made up of EU government ministers.
It passed the European Parliament on 10 April 2024, with narrow margins of around 30 votes on some provisions. The Council of the European Union approved the Pact on 14 May 2024, with Hungary and Poland voting against it.
The provisions of the Pact apply to migrants caught illegally crossing an external EU border, such as those reaching the shores of Greece, Italy or Spain via the Mediterranean Sea or Atlantic Ocean on boats provided by smugglers; estimated at around 300,000 migrants in 2023. Provisions do not apply to legal migrants to the EU (~3.5 million in 2023) and migrants who arrived legally but overstayed their visas (~700,000 in 2023).
The Pact will mandate that the same procedures and procedural standards apply to all asylum applicants across EU member states. The Pact stipulates that migrants illegally entering the EU will undergo identity, health and security checks, including biometric readings of faces and fingerprints, within seven days, with information stored on the newly created Eurodac database. The outcome of screening will be either an application for international protection such as asylum, or deportation.
People seeking asylum will have to apply in the EU nation they first enter and remain there until the country responsible for their application is determined. Asylum seekers from countries whose nationals' applications are approved less than 20% of the time will be fast-tracked in detention centers close to EU borders. This procedure should be done in 12 weeks, including time for one legal appeal if an asylum application is rejected, with a possible extension of eight weeks. Migrants from countries with higher acceptance rates will be able to pass through the regular asylum procedure, which will be shortened from its current length of years. A deportation issue is set to be issued automatically if an asylum request is refused. The Pact will allow for the speedier deportation of people to countries of origin or transit, if these have been declared safe.
The Dublin III Regulation, which determines which member state is responsible for processing any individual asylum application, will be reformed. Countries where migrants first arrive will newly be able to relocate a total of up to 30,000 migrants per year to other EU member states. The Pact will institute a "mandatory solidarity mechanism" where all EU countries must either physically host asylum seekers, or assist in other ways such as financially or by providing extra personnel. A country can pay 20,000 Euros for every migrant it does not accept under the mechanism.
Ireland and Denmark had opt-outs from participating in the Pact. Ireland notified the EU of its intention to opt-in to seven of the legislative components of the pact, which was approved by the European Commission in July 2024. Denmark notified the EU that it would apply three of the legislative components of the pact on 11 June 2024, as they were amendments to existing bilateral agreements between the EU and Denmark.