Nissan CA engine

The CA engine is a series of 1.6 to 2.0 L (1,598 to 1,974 cc) Inline-4 piston engines from Nissan. It is designed for a wide variety of smaller Nissan vehicles to replace the Z engine and some smaller, four-cylinder L series engines. The "CA" stands for Clean Air, due to the installation of Nissan emission reducing technology, called NAPS-X.

The CA is a cast iron block, aluminum head design with a timing belt, which was cheaper to make than the timing chain setup on the Z and L engines. Earlier versions featured SOHC and eight valves. The new CA block design was a scaled-up E series block with timing shaft and other ancillaries removed. The oil pump is fitted directly onto the crank nose and the distributor is driven by the end of the camshaft. Like the E series and the A block from which the E was derived, Nissan used a taller block for the largest stroked 2.0-litre engine. The CA was designed to be compact and light, with a CA16 requiring only 195 litres (52 US gal; 43 imp gal) of space (compared to 280 litres (74 US gal; 62 imp gal) for the earlier Z16), while weighing 23% less at 115 kg (254 lb).

Later versions featured DOHC with 16 valves for increased efficiency at high engine speeds and a smoother power delivery. The hydraulic lifters are interchangeable between all DOHC RB and VG series engines excepting those with solid lifters. The Nissan CA would also be developed into a diesel engine, known as the CD, which replaced the four-cylinder LD series.

The engine was deemed too expensive to produce due to its cast-iron block, and over the years it also no longer met the ever-changing Japanese emission standards that were emerging at the time. The 1.8 L and 2.0 L versions were replaced by the all-aluminum and chain-driven SR series as Nissan's primary four-cylinder engine while the smaller 1.6 L version was replaced by the GA series, both in 1987. Engines for the low volume European markets, such as the 200SX, were supplied by the overstock between Japanese and Australian markets. Production of the CA series ceased in 1994.

The CA16 series of engines is a 1.6 L (1,598 cc) engine produced from 1985 through 1990. Bore and stroke is 78 mm × 83.6 mm (3.07 in × 3.29 in) and it was built either with carburetors or fuel injection.

The CA16S is a 1.6 L (1,598 cc) water cooling serial 4-cylinder OHC engine. It produces 81 PS (60 kW; 80 hp) at 5200 rpm and 123 N⋅m (91 lb⋅ft) at 3200 rpm.

Applications:

The CA16DE is a 1.6 L (1,598 cc) engine produced from 1987 through 1989. It produces 122 hp (91 kW; 124 PS) at 6400 rpm and 137 N⋅m (101 lb⋅ft) at 5200 rpm. Bore and stroke is 78 mm × 83.6 mm (3.07 in × 3.29 in). It was a 16-valve DOHC engine with multi-port fuel injection, for front wheel drive use. North American versions used Nissan's NICS (Nissan Induction Control System), which opened up the secondary intake ports to each cylinder via a butterfly valve in each port. Activated at 3,900 rpm, this improved flow and performance resultingly. Additionally, on activation of the secondaries under a heavy load the fuel injection also went from sequential mode to simultaneous-pulse mode. These features were also found on North American CA18DE engines.