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Northern Fleet (Iran)
The 4th Region or the Northern Fleet (Persian: ناوگان شمال) is the flotilla of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy in the Caspian Sea.
The Persian fleet in the Caspian Sea was revived in 1742 by Nader Shah of Afsharid dynasty. He saw the flotilla as an essential tool to secure maritime trade and defend coasts of his northern lands, where Turkmen pirates often attacked.
By 1745, the fleet included two frigates and four smaller vessels while more were under construction at the Persian shipyards. One of the ships had a capacity of twenty canons and reportedly was more capable than Russian ships. Englishman John "Jamal Beig" Elton supervised the shipyard located in Anzali, as well as additional facilities in Lahijan and Langarud. Moscow was unhappy with the fleet, and subsequently tried to counter Persian influence in the sea. Following the death of Nader Shah, the Russians took the opportunity of anarchy to burn down the fleet in 1751–1752 and the naval stores in Rasht.
The Treaty of Gulistan (1813), deprived Iran from having a naval fleet in the Caspian Sea and Russia was granted with exclusive rights to operate the only naval forces in the sea, known as the Caspian Flotilla.
By the end of the 19th century, one royal yacht –"a small dilapidated paddle-wheel steamer" named Nasereddin– was the only asset of the Persian navy in the Caspian Sea.
In 1904, Iranians began construction of Anzali's port that was completed in 1913.
Prior to and during the World War I, Iran had no naval forces in the north. The Russian Navy blockaded Anzali in 1909 and relocated some 2,000 troops to Iran using the port city. The northern part of Iran remained under Russian military occupation and was placed under their wartime administration for some year to come. The Russians also controlled navigation in the sea. By March 1917, Russian forces were weakened and the region fell into British hands to prevent an Ottoman control. Afterwards, they created the British Caspian Flotilla.
The Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship signed in 1921, eased Iranian efforts to reestablish its Caspian fleet once again, despite the fact the Soviets unilaterally assumed the authority for a preemptive attack on Iran in case they deemed Caspian security at stake, and Iranians promised to oust non-Iranians in their naval service in the event of harming Soviet interests.
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Northern Fleet (Iran)
The 4th Region or the Northern Fleet (Persian: ناوگان شمال) is the flotilla of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy in the Caspian Sea.
The Persian fleet in the Caspian Sea was revived in 1742 by Nader Shah of Afsharid dynasty. He saw the flotilla as an essential tool to secure maritime trade and defend coasts of his northern lands, where Turkmen pirates often attacked.
By 1745, the fleet included two frigates and four smaller vessels while more were under construction at the Persian shipyards. One of the ships had a capacity of twenty canons and reportedly was more capable than Russian ships. Englishman John "Jamal Beig" Elton supervised the shipyard located in Anzali, as well as additional facilities in Lahijan and Langarud. Moscow was unhappy with the fleet, and subsequently tried to counter Persian influence in the sea. Following the death of Nader Shah, the Russians took the opportunity of anarchy to burn down the fleet in 1751–1752 and the naval stores in Rasht.
The Treaty of Gulistan (1813), deprived Iran from having a naval fleet in the Caspian Sea and Russia was granted with exclusive rights to operate the only naval forces in the sea, known as the Caspian Flotilla.
By the end of the 19th century, one royal yacht –"a small dilapidated paddle-wheel steamer" named Nasereddin– was the only asset of the Persian navy in the Caspian Sea.
In 1904, Iranians began construction of Anzali's port that was completed in 1913.
Prior to and during the World War I, Iran had no naval forces in the north. The Russian Navy blockaded Anzali in 1909 and relocated some 2,000 troops to Iran using the port city. The northern part of Iran remained under Russian military occupation and was placed under their wartime administration for some year to come. The Russians also controlled navigation in the sea. By March 1917, Russian forces were weakened and the region fell into British hands to prevent an Ottoman control. Afterwards, they created the British Caspian Flotilla.
The Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship signed in 1921, eased Iranian efforts to reestablish its Caspian fleet once again, despite the fact the Soviets unilaterally assumed the authority for a preemptive attack on Iran in case they deemed Caspian security at stake, and Iranians promised to oust non-Iranians in their naval service in the event of harming Soviet interests.