Nottingham is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,229 at the 2020 census, up from 4,785 at the 2010 census. It is the location of Pawtuckaway State Park.

Incorporated in 1722 by Lieutenant Governor John Wentworth, Nottingham was named for Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham. The earl was a close friend of Samuel Shute and Joseph Dudley, previous colonial governors of New Hampshire. Among the grantees was Peregrine White, descendant of Peregrine White of the Mayflower, the first child of English parentage born in New England. At one time, the town had 17 watermills in operation.

The town was site of a massacre in September 1747, when Elizabeth Simpson, Robert Beard and Nathaniel Folsom were slain by Indians of the Winnipesaukee tribe.

Nottingham once included Deerfield, incorporated in 1766, and Northwood, in 1773.

Four Revolutionary War generals were from Nottingham: Joseph Cilley, Henry Dearborn, Henry Butler, and Thomas Bartlett.

Nottingham has the oldest continually operating municipal recycling center in the country, and it was the first town in the nation to make recycling mandatory. The recycling center began operation in January 1974.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 48.4 square miles (125.4 km²), of which 46.5 square miles (120.4 km²) are land and 1.9 square miles (5.0 km²) are water, comprising 4.00% of the town. Containing 14 lakes and ponds, Nottingham is drained by the Pawtuckaway, North, and Little rivers, all tributaries of the Lamprey River, which passes south and east of the town and flows into Great Bay at Newmarket. The town's highest point is the North Peak of Mount Pawtuckaway, at 995 feet (303 m) above sea level. The circular-shaped Pawtuckaway Mountains are a prime example of what geologists term a ring dike complex.

Named communities in the town include Nottingham village, Nottingham Square, North Nottingham, and West Nottingham.