NunatuKavut (Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᑐᑲᕗᑦ, "Our Ancient Land") is a proposed NunatuKavummiut territory in central and southern Labrador. Previous submissions by the Nunatuĸavummiut (as the Labrador Métis Nation) included a secondary claim as far north as Nain, the northernmost community in Nunatsiavut.

The NunatuKavut Community Council (NCC) says that the NunatuKavut claim lands correspond to the historic land-use of the Southern Inuit. The NCC is considered an Indigenous collective which represents the descendants of mixed Inuit-European people from central and southern Labrador. While both the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples have concluded that the NCC represents a people with a credible but unproven claim to Indigenous rights, at least three land claim submissions have been unsuccessful since it first applied in 1991.

The NunatuKavut Community Council's claims have been opposed by other Indigenous groups in the region. The Innu Nation also includes portions of the proposed NunatuKavut territory in its own land claim. The NCC signed a memorandum of understanding in 2019 with the Canadian government, but this in itself does not confer any Indigenous rights.

The area was known as Markland in Greenlandic Norse and its inhabitants were known as the Skræling though there is considerable debate as to whether contact was made with Thule culture or Dorset culture. The Inuit and their ancestors had thus been using the coastal areas of south Labrador, at least on a seasonal basis, well before first contact with Europeans.

Archeological studies have also confirmed widespread Inuit occupation of the Sandwich Bay area over several centuries. These findings confirm the continued presence of Inuit, living year-round in the areas south of Hamilton Inlet, from the early to mid-16th century until at least the late 19th century.

The earliest recorded contact between Inuit and post-Nordic Europeans occurred in 1501, when the Anglo-Azorean expedition visited Labrador and took three Inuit to England. These Inuit were presented to Henry VII of England by Sebastian Cabot and were described as "clothed in beastes skinnes, who eat raw flesh". Ship records indicate explorers did not encounter Inuit in the southernmost portion of Labrador at the time, but the remains of sod houses and tent rings in Sandwich Bay suggest Inuit settlements already existed year-round in the coastal areas around this time.

In 1543, Basque whalers encountered Inuit in the Strait of Belle Isle with subsequent trade and conflict attested between these groups throughout the Basque occupation. The finding of historic Roman Catholic documents detailing Inuit-Europeans with Iberian names may indicate some unions occurred between these early visitors and the Indigenous people.

In 1586, the first written evidence of Inuit settlements in the area was recorded, when a crew of explorers led by John Davies were attacked by Inuit living on the outer islands near Sandwich Bay.