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Operation Bajrang
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Operation Bajrang
Operation Bajrang (28 November 1990 – 20 April 1991) was a military operation, conducted by the Indian army, in Assam, against the militant organization, United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA).
Its primary objective was to flush out ULFA militants. It was launched without good intelligence, specific knowledge of the terrain, and other geographic advantages of the state. The army started the operation from the ULFA camps, but it wasn't successful, as the camps were deserted. Thus the operation did not succeed, and it was suspended after six months.
During the operation, there were numerous instances of army atrocities, including rape, torture, and killing of civilians, which was unearthed by several human rights organizations. The main outcome of the operation was that it forced the ULFA to leave their Central Headquarter (CHQ) and their General Headquarter (GHQ).
During the Assam Movement, there was an uprising of nationalism in Assam with the outcome of the formation of several militant outfits including ULFA. The ULFA emerged as a powerful militant organization in North-east India within a decade of its formation in 1979. It also came to light that the organization was getting support from the then State Home Minister Bhrigu Phukan. Enjoying a soft-eye of the AGP government (1985–1990), the organization became strong with a large recruitment drive and the killing of many Congress leaders, police officers, and civilians. The organization also killed former state Chief Minister and Governor of Mizoram Hiteswar Saikia's brother Rohiteswar Saikia along with his security personnel and the driver on 23 July 1990. The organization gunned down the Superintendent of police of Dibrugarh district Daulat Singh Negi on 29 July 1990, which lowered the morale of the police. ULFA also developed its connection with the Sri-Lankan militant outfit Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The killing of Surrendra Paul, brother of Lord Swraj Paul, created massive pressure on Janata Dal government led by Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar. The Asom Gana Parishad led state government was held responsible for the poor law and order situation. The then BJP president and MP L K Advani demanded the dismissal of the Assam government and sought Army action against the ULFA in parliament debate. The Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar had to take the decision to dismiss the Assam government and order Army action against the ULFA.
On 27 November 1990 the Government of India dismissed the AGP led Government of Assam under Article 356 of the Indian constitution, imposed President's Rule on Assam. The Indian government also banned the militant outfit ULFA classifying it as a terrorist organisation and launched Operation Bajrang against the ULFA.
The Indian government also imposed Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), Terrorists and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), and Assam Disturbed Areas Act, which gave complete power to the army.
The operation was started on the night of 27 November 1990. The army started the operation in the dense forest of Lakhipathar (in Tinsukia district) where the ULFA had their Central Headquarter (CHQ) and General Headquarter (GHQ) in the forests of Charaipung (in Sivasagar district), and continued operation in all districts of Assam. In the operation, 15 brigades of the army were used, but the army started the operation without proper intelligence and planning. In the operation, the Army Aviation helicopters were also used to reconnoiter the dense forests of Lakhpathar and Charaipung. But the information about the operation was leaked to the ULFA Commander-in-chief Paresh Baruah, who had a strong intelligence network. Baruah then ordered to evacuate all the camps two days before the operation was started. The ULFA made a setup for the army with landmines and booby traps in the camps of Lakhipathar and Charaipung before the camps were emptied and left with a few junior cadres to strike back.
With a few junior ULFA cadres left in the camps of Lakhipathar and Charaipung, the army faced gunfights for a few days and captured the camps of Lakhipathar and Charaipung. The army had to lose some of their jawans including Vijay Singh and Swarn Singh, while ULFA lost Krishna Chetia, a close cadre of Paresh Baruah. Some army personnel were also killed in landmine explosions. A total of fourteen landmines exploded on the day of the entry of the army, but there are no confirmed official records available about army casualties.
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Operation Bajrang
Operation Bajrang (28 November 1990 – 20 April 1991) was a military operation, conducted by the Indian army, in Assam, against the militant organization, United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA).
Its primary objective was to flush out ULFA militants. It was launched without good intelligence, specific knowledge of the terrain, and other geographic advantages of the state. The army started the operation from the ULFA camps, but it wasn't successful, as the camps were deserted. Thus the operation did not succeed, and it was suspended after six months.
During the operation, there were numerous instances of army atrocities, including rape, torture, and killing of civilians, which was unearthed by several human rights organizations. The main outcome of the operation was that it forced the ULFA to leave their Central Headquarter (CHQ) and their General Headquarter (GHQ).
During the Assam Movement, there was an uprising of nationalism in Assam with the outcome of the formation of several militant outfits including ULFA. The ULFA emerged as a powerful militant organization in North-east India within a decade of its formation in 1979. It also came to light that the organization was getting support from the then State Home Minister Bhrigu Phukan. Enjoying a soft-eye of the AGP government (1985–1990), the organization became strong with a large recruitment drive and the killing of many Congress leaders, police officers, and civilians. The organization also killed former state Chief Minister and Governor of Mizoram Hiteswar Saikia's brother Rohiteswar Saikia along with his security personnel and the driver on 23 July 1990. The organization gunned down the Superintendent of police of Dibrugarh district Daulat Singh Negi on 29 July 1990, which lowered the morale of the police. ULFA also developed its connection with the Sri-Lankan militant outfit Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The killing of Surrendra Paul, brother of Lord Swraj Paul, created massive pressure on Janata Dal government led by Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar. The Asom Gana Parishad led state government was held responsible for the poor law and order situation. The then BJP president and MP L K Advani demanded the dismissal of the Assam government and sought Army action against the ULFA in parliament debate. The Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar had to take the decision to dismiss the Assam government and order Army action against the ULFA.
On 27 November 1990 the Government of India dismissed the AGP led Government of Assam under Article 356 of the Indian constitution, imposed President's Rule on Assam. The Indian government also banned the militant outfit ULFA classifying it as a terrorist organisation and launched Operation Bajrang against the ULFA.
The Indian government also imposed Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), Terrorists and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), and Assam Disturbed Areas Act, which gave complete power to the army.
The operation was started on the night of 27 November 1990. The army started the operation in the dense forest of Lakhipathar (in Tinsukia district) where the ULFA had their Central Headquarter (CHQ) and General Headquarter (GHQ) in the forests of Charaipung (in Sivasagar district), and continued operation in all districts of Assam. In the operation, 15 brigades of the army were used, but the army started the operation without proper intelligence and planning. In the operation, the Army Aviation helicopters were also used to reconnoiter the dense forests of Lakhpathar and Charaipung. But the information about the operation was leaked to the ULFA Commander-in-chief Paresh Baruah, who had a strong intelligence network. Baruah then ordered to evacuate all the camps two days before the operation was started. The ULFA made a setup for the army with landmines and booby traps in the camps of Lakhipathar and Charaipung before the camps were emptied and left with a few junior cadres to strike back.
With a few junior ULFA cadres left in the camps of Lakhipathar and Charaipung, the army faced gunfights for a few days and captured the camps of Lakhipathar and Charaipung. The army had to lose some of their jawans including Vijay Singh and Swarn Singh, while ULFA lost Krishna Chetia, a close cadre of Paresh Baruah. Some army personnel were also killed in landmine explosions. A total of fourteen landmines exploded on the day of the entry of the army, but there are no confirmed official records available about army casualties.
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