Order-4 square tiling honeycomb
Order-4 square tiling honeycomb
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Order-4 square tiling honeycomb

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Order-4 square tiling honeycomb

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4 square tiling honeycomb is one of 11 paracompact regular honeycombs. It is paracompact because it has infinite cells and vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol {4,4,4}, it has four square tilings around each edge, and infinite square tilings around each vertex in a square tiling vertex figure.

A geometric honeycomb is a space-filling of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space, like the convex uniform honeycombs. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic uniform honeycombs. Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.

The order-4 square tiling honeycomb has many reflective symmetry constructions: as a regular honeycomb, with alternating types (colors) of square tilings, and with 3 types (colors) of square tilings in a ratio of 2:1:1.

Two more half symmetry constructions with pyramidal domains have [4,4,1+,4] symmetry: , and .

There are two high-index subgroups, both index 8: [4,4,4*] ↔ [(4,4,4,4,1+)], with a pyramidal fundamental domain: [((4,∞,4)),((4,∞,4))] or ; and [4,4*,4], with 4 orthogonal sets of ultra-parallel mirrors in an octahedral fundamental domain: .

The order-4 square tiling honeycomb is analogous to the 2D hyperbolic infinite-order apeirogonal tiling, {∞,∞}, with infinite apeirogonal faces, and with all vertices on the ideal surface.

It contains and that tile 2-hypercycle surfaces, which are similar to these paracompact order-4 apeirogonal tilings :

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