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Pafawag 101N
Pafawag 101N (series EN94) was a two-car, low-floor electric multiple unit (EMU) tram produced by Pafawag in Wrocław from 1968 to 1972. A total of 40 101Ns were built for the Warsaw Commuter Railway.
In the 1960s, because of growing car traffic in the city, Warsaw city authorities began an extensive modernization of the transit system. This included the introduction of new rolling stock to the Warsaw Commuter Railway (Polish: Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa, WKD). Because of the cost of importing foreign trains, it was decided the rolling stock would be produced domestically.
After a set of specifications for the rolling stock were outlined by the Railway Institute in Warsaw, through 1964, plans were drawn up by the Institute of Rail Vehicles "Tabor" and Institute of Industrial Design. After numerous models were produced, in 1965, Pafawag's factory in Wrocław was assigned to complete the planning and build the rolling stock.
In June 1968, as the planning stage was finished, an initial prototype was built. This prototype, compared to the interwar-era rolling stock, had double the acceleration speed and double the capacity. A new prototype, EN94-01, the first tram of the type 101N, was tested on WKD tracks in the fourth quarter of 1968. The tests on these tracks ended at the start of April 1969, but would resume in Grodzisk Mazowiecki and Wrocław until 27 May.
EN94-01 was bought by WKD in June, and it was entered into inventory on 1 July, though it was recalled after travelling nearly 40,000 km (25,000 mi) because of issues with the bogies. It returned to service in December 1969. Between 1969 and 1970, the 101N garnered large amounts of criticism, and in 1970, Pafawag decided to modernize the 101N. In order to collect complaints and suggestions from riders, Pafawag used multiple methods, including a public survey. As a result of these changes, the 101N was lengthened by 1,000 mm (39 in) and each of the doors was widened by 250 mm (9.8 in), along with interior changes.
With these changes, a new variant of the 101N, the 101Na, was built and began construction in 1971. The first 101Na, named EN94-02, was displayed at the Poznań International Fair in June 1971. Between April and December 1971, the rest of the 101Nas requested by WKD, numbering 38, were produced and rolled out, allowing for the withdrawal of all interwar EN80 trams.
A 101N electric multiple unit consisted of 2 railcars, each connected by a service aisle. The cars had couplers (specifically Scharfenberg couplers) attached to them, allowing them to form trainsets, as well as electrical couplers, allowing for multiple-unit train control. The trams of this series were also designed to navigate the curves commonly found on the WKD's routes.
Every EN94 railcar consisted of a driver's cab and a passenger compartment. The cabin was fully separated from the passenger compartment, and was only accessible via an external door. The driver's cab included full control equipment, and had a large window at the front.
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Pafawag 101N AI simulator
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Pafawag 101N
Pafawag 101N (series EN94) was a two-car, low-floor electric multiple unit (EMU) tram produced by Pafawag in Wrocław from 1968 to 1972. A total of 40 101Ns were built for the Warsaw Commuter Railway.
In the 1960s, because of growing car traffic in the city, Warsaw city authorities began an extensive modernization of the transit system. This included the introduction of new rolling stock to the Warsaw Commuter Railway (Polish: Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa, WKD). Because of the cost of importing foreign trains, it was decided the rolling stock would be produced domestically.
After a set of specifications for the rolling stock were outlined by the Railway Institute in Warsaw, through 1964, plans were drawn up by the Institute of Rail Vehicles "Tabor" and Institute of Industrial Design. After numerous models were produced, in 1965, Pafawag's factory in Wrocław was assigned to complete the planning and build the rolling stock.
In June 1968, as the planning stage was finished, an initial prototype was built. This prototype, compared to the interwar-era rolling stock, had double the acceleration speed and double the capacity. A new prototype, EN94-01, the first tram of the type 101N, was tested on WKD tracks in the fourth quarter of 1968. The tests on these tracks ended at the start of April 1969, but would resume in Grodzisk Mazowiecki and Wrocław until 27 May.
EN94-01 was bought by WKD in June, and it was entered into inventory on 1 July, though it was recalled after travelling nearly 40,000 km (25,000 mi) because of issues with the bogies. It returned to service in December 1969. Between 1969 and 1970, the 101N garnered large amounts of criticism, and in 1970, Pafawag decided to modernize the 101N. In order to collect complaints and suggestions from riders, Pafawag used multiple methods, including a public survey. As a result of these changes, the 101N was lengthened by 1,000 mm (39 in) and each of the doors was widened by 250 mm (9.8 in), along with interior changes.
With these changes, a new variant of the 101N, the 101Na, was built and began construction in 1971. The first 101Na, named EN94-02, was displayed at the Poznań International Fair in June 1971. Between April and December 1971, the rest of the 101Nas requested by WKD, numbering 38, were produced and rolled out, allowing for the withdrawal of all interwar EN80 trams.
A 101N electric multiple unit consisted of 2 railcars, each connected by a service aisle. The cars had couplers (specifically Scharfenberg couplers) attached to them, allowing them to form trainsets, as well as electrical couplers, allowing for multiple-unit train control. The trams of this series were also designed to navigate the curves commonly found on the WKD's routes.
Every EN94 railcar consisted of a driver's cab and a passenger compartment. The cabin was fully separated from the passenger compartment, and was only accessible via an external door. The driver's cab included full control equipment, and had a large window at the front.
